Tatiana I. Shulga

Context and relevance. The insufficient level of development of information literacy and positive online culture among adults and young people makes them the most vulnerable to the dangers and threats of destructive behavior on the Internet. Objective. To explore the socio-psychological characteristics of adult behavior in a cyberaggression situation. Hypothesis. The direction of cyberaggression among adults on the Internet is determined by their behavioral patterns. Methods and materials. Using R.I. Zekeryaev's author's questionnaires "Direction of Behavior in the Internet Space" and "Studying the Influence of Attitudes on the Choice of Role Positions and Behavioral Strategies," as well as D. Álvarez-García's Cyberaggression Questionnaire (adapted by A.A. Sharov), the study obtained data on internet activity habits and experiences of online aggression. The study involved 91 women aged 21 and older 48. The average age of the participants was 32.37 years. Results. The results of the study demonstrate the high prevalence of aggressive content in the online space, regardless of age. The respondents of the first group (97.78%) witnessed aggressive behavior on the Internet, which is comparable to the results of the second group (93.48%). Among the respondents of the first group, 55.56% indicated that they had been subjected to aggressive behavior or insults on the Internet, while this figure was 36.96% among the second group. It is noteworthy that 63.04% of the participants in group 2 did not encounter such behavior, which is significantly higher than the same indicator in group 1 (44.44%). Conclusions. The differences in the manifestations of cyber aggression on the Internet in two groups were revealed. Group 1 is more likely to demonstrate impulsive forms of cyber aggression: impulsively proactive and impulsively responsive. Group 2 members demonstrate a higher prevalence of proactive and reactive cyberaggression. The results offer practical value for psychological counseling, prevention efforts, and educational outreach targeting the adult population and parents.

Aim. The purpose of the study is to study the satisfaction of adolescents with relationships and the need for belonging with parents in large families.Methodology. The study examined predictors and mitigating correlations of relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms of adolescents' need for belonging with their parents. adolescents. Mini-essays on the topic ‘Difficulties of interaction with parents’ and the questionnaire ‘My relations with parents’ were usedResults. Adolescents identified the following characteristics of child-parent interaction in their families: undemanding parents due to lack of time, gentleness, absence of harsh punishments, especially on the part of mothers, as well as applied on the part of parents, emotional closeness to mothers, acceptance of adolescents' personal qualities, cooperation in interaction with mothers. Adolescents give a positive assessment of the authority of parents, but express dissatisfaction with the relationship with them, unwillingness to obey their demands, disobedience, going to the Internet and spending free time in it.Research implications. The results of the obtained research can become the basis for further study of child-parent interaction between adolescents and parents, for the development of strategies to provide socio-psychological assistance to families psychologists, narrow specialists, can help to overcome the difficulties of interaction between parents and adolescents in modern conditions of digitalization.

The empirical research results based on the dispositional concept of V.A. Yadov have been considered. The studied structure of social sphere specialists’ perceptions allows us to identify the main attitudes in relation to an extreme situation (personal, value, elementary, and basic perceptions components). The methods of M.I. Rozenova, V.I. Morosanova, Levy (modified by V.E. Petrov and L.I. Bogateeva) were used: “Semantic differential”, “Self-regulation profile questionnaire”, “Unfinished sentences”, “Exposure to extreme situations”, “Extreme situations”, “Personality in an extreme situation”. The study results have been processed using qualitative methods, including content analysis. The study results may allow to further study psychological readiness of a specialist to work with complex cases in the social sphere and outline a work plan to improve professional competence. The study is a continuation of the previous study of representations of an extreme situation among the military personnel and students, and it is also planned to study other social groups.

Aim. The purpose is to conduct a comparative analysis of the understanding of social tension by residents of Russia and Kazakhstan.Methodology. The study of the understanding and perception of social tension in society by citizens of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan was conducted by a survey method, which was processed by the method of content analysis (thematic analysis). The study was conducted in Moscow in 2022-23, a total of 418 respondents took part in the study – residents of Russia (240 people) and Kazakhstan (178 people) from 21 to 45 years old, the average age was 30 years. The survey was conducted via the Internet.Results. Based on the responses received using the content analysis method, different understanding and perception of social tension by residents of the two states were revealed. The inconsistency of understanding and perception of social tension is associated with a number of changes in social society, phenomena that cause tension and attitudes towards it. It has been revealed that what is common for residents living in different territories of different states (Russia and Kazakhstan) is the perception and manifestation of social tension as fear, negative psychological experience. Research implications. The research contributes to the understanding of the perception of social tension of residents of different states in social psychology. The results provide the basis for further quantitative research in this problem area to provide psychological assistance to residents in relieving social tension.

Вестник ЧелГУ. Образование и здравоохранение. Журнал предназначен для ознакомления российской и зарубежной научной и научно-педагогической общественности, а также докторантов, аспирантов, магистрантов и других обучающихся учреждений высшего образования с новыми научными результатами, имеющими значение в различных областях фундаментальной и прикладной науки по педагогике, психологии, биологии и медицине.

The purpose of this study was to systematically review articles on the career choices of learners and STEM. The first goal was to classify research on career choice and STEM to identify trends and gaps in the literature. The second goal was to summarize the findings related to learners’ career choices at STEM and interpret them according to what has been reported in the literature. In this study, the PRISMA method was used to review articles in the educational literature STEM. Sixty-seven articles published in indexed journals in SCOPUS that met the specified criteria were analyzed systematically. The results showed that 51 of 67 articles were involved in the analysis to review by researchers. The results also showed that the earliest article that addressed career choice and STEM was published in 2011, and most of the articles studied were published after 2017. The results also showed that most articles on career choice in STEM were conducted in the United States, Israel, and Spain. The preferred sample groups in research on career choice in STEM fields are mostly high school and undergraduate students. In addition, the studies were broadly classified into five categories, including the effects of STEM activities and the effects on teachers, the effects of some variables on learners’ career choices, the study of learners’ career choices, and parental attitudes. Based on the results obtained from this research, implications are made for future research.

Aim. To study the main characteristics of child-parent interaction of adolescents from large families.Methodology. The data of an empirical study of parent-child interaction between adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (boys and girls) from large families (families with three to seven children) using the "Parent-Child Interaction" methodology by I.M. Markovskaya. The characteristics of intra-family interaction were identified and analyzed according to the estimates of boys and girls aged 12 to 17 from large families in Moscow region. The results were processed using the SPSS.17 program.Results. According to adolescents from large families, the following characteristics of parent-child interaction were found: undemanding, softness, i.e. the absence of harsh measures applied to children, emotional closeness to the parent, acceptance of the child's personal qualities, the presence of cooperation and consistency in interaction with mothers. Adolescents from large families give a positive assessment of the authority of their mothers and are satisfied with their relationship with them. The degree of severity of the average values of the interaction characteristics of adolescents from large families, both boys and girls, does not differ at the statistical level.Research implications. The results of the study will serve as a basis for further study of child-parent interaction in various types of families in order to develop strategies for providing socio-psychological assistance to dysfunctional families and, as a result, will help improve the psychosocial functioning of families in difficult life situations, as well as increase the growth of full-fledged large families.

The article deals with the problem of adult education caused by changes in various forms of vocational training in modern conditions. Currently, the Decade of Childhood program sets the task of comprehensive personnel development, which focuses on periodic professional development of specialists as an integral part of continuing education. Regular completion of joint training courses for specialists closely related to the protection of childhood is the key to growth, both the level of professionalism and their personal development. Specialists in the field of children’s rights protection have different education, work experience and age, therefore, the development of advanced training programs should be based on modern approaches to adult education, taking into account the principles of lifelong learning (“lifelong learning”) as a psychological and pedagogical basis for building a comprehensive system of education of specialists in new conditions. The approaches to adult education based on based on the ideas of the founder of Russian andragogy S.G. Vershlovsky and the successors of his ideas. The main focus is on the description of the results of the development and testing of a modular program of joint training of specialists of the OIP and the apparatus of the regional UPR “Ensuring and protecting the rights and legitimate interests of children, their social and other state guarantees”. An analysis of the educational needs of each group of trainees of advanced training courses showed that they have similar professional interests. At the same time, there are certain difficulties in choosing the topics of classes for a joint professional development program. As part of the monitoring, among the problems of organizing additional professional education for specialists of guardianship and guardianship authorities of the executive bodies of the Russian Federation, it was revealed that one of the problems is the lack of regulated deadlines for terms of completion of training by municipal employees and appropriate funding.

Digital skills are essential for a technologized society. For younger generations, it has become almost necessary to have such skills. This study focuses on a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the digital skills of university students. The research was carried out with the participation of a total of 463 university students. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to investigate the validity and reliability of the digital skills survey. Consequently, research on the validity and reliability of the digital skills survey in the Russian environment was conducted. 25 items and six factors (access to and management of digital content, digital empathy, use of digital means, digital safety, communication of digital content, creation of digital content) were identified after the analysis. Future research should employ the adapted survey to assess the level of students’ digital skills. In addition, the survey’s validity may be analyzed in the context of other cultures.

Smartphones facilitate communication, education, information, and entertainment through a diverse array of mobile applications. Excessive smartphone use has become a significant societal issue. The research community has explored both the positive and negative consequences of mobile phone use. The phrase “problematic smartphone use” refers to an excessive pattern of smartphone use that may have negative consequences. Smartphone addiction may present with symptoms that are unique from Internet addiction. Severe sadness, anxiety, and tension are all associated with problematic smartphone use. Numerous negative consequences are discussed, including mental health problems, diminished physical fitness, and poor academic achievement. According to the findings of the literature analysis, there is no inventory that evaluates smartphone addiction in the context of Russia. The goal of this study is to examine the psychometric characteristics of the smartphone addiction inventory (SPAI) in a Russian context. Several Russian Federation universities performed the study during the autumn semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. To enhance the inventory, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were utilized on 209 students. As a result, research on the validity and reliability of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory were done in the Russian setting. The research revealed a brief inventory of 14 items and three factors (functional impairment, anxiety, and compulsive behavior).