Teshale Ayichew

Background: Hydatid disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the intermediate stage of dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus.Objectives: The study investigated the prevalence of hydatid cysts and the risk factors in cattle slaughtered at the Bishoftu municipal abattoir. It also analyzed the economic loss and community’s awareness of this matter.Animals: 480 cattle brought for slaughtering were included in the study.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023 in Bishoftu municipal abattoir involving antemortem examination of cattle and postmortem hydatid cyst investigation, assessment of associated economic loss, and community awareness survey. Animals were selected systematically and cysts were investigated using standard meat inspection procedures.Results: 10.4% of the slaughtered cattle were found positive for hydatid cysts, with no statistically significant association with the considered risk factors. From 85 collected cysts, the lungs accounted for 55.3%, the liver for 29.4%, and the remaining 15.3% were from the spleen, kidney, and heart. About 47.1% of the cysts were fertile and 52.9% were infertile, of which, 37.5% were nonviable. In a survey of 100 individuals, 33.0% were unaware of hydatid disease, and 61.0% were unaware that the disease is zoonotic. Annual economic loss due to the case was estimated at 5,444,564.4 ($97,224.4).Conclusion: This study identified hydatid disease as a significant issue in cattle in Bishoftu, indicating the need for preventative and control measurements. Strategies such as deworming, controlling street dogs, establishing standardized abattoirs, and raising public awareness should be applied to alleviate the problem in Bishoftu and nationwide.

Every animal hosts large number of microorganisms most of which affect its body positively. Such positive effect is induced by probiotics, live microbial food ingredients that alter the enteric micro flora and have a beneficial effect on the health of an animal. There are many different varieties of friendly bacteria that exist naturally in foods or drinks.

The study was conducted from November, 2013 to March, 2014 at Hawassa municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia with the aim of identifying the major causes of liver and lung condemnation and assessing possible risk factors associated with organ condemnation. Standard ante-mortem and post-mortem procedures were followed throughout the study and abnormalities were recorded. A total of 399 cattle were considered for ante mortem and post-mortem examination by systematic random sampling technique. In ante mortem inspection the most commonly encountered abnormalities were 3 (0.75%) lameness, 4 (1%) nasal discharge, 2 (0.5%) skin lesions and 4 (1%) rough hair coat. During post mortem inspection, 224 (56.1%) of lungs were condemned due to hydatidosis, calcification, emphysema and marbling and 207 (51.8%) of livers were condemned due to fasciolosis, hydatidosis, calcification, hardening and haemorrhage. The condemnation rate of lung with respect to each risk factor was found to be 35.3, 0.78, 9.7 and 10% for hydatidosis, calcification, emphysema and marbling, respectively. The condemnation rate of liver with respect to each risk factor was also found to be 20.5, 17.2, 4.2, 10.2 and 0.5% for fasciolosis, hydatidosis, hardening, calcification and hemorrhage, respectively. The study indicated that hydatidosis (35.5%) for lung and fasciolosis (20.7%) for liver were the major cause of condemnation, respectively. Many risk factors such as age, body condition, origin and breed of animal determined liver and lung condemnation rate. But among these only body condition showed statistically significant difference (x2= 11.524, P=0.003) with condemnation rate of each organ. The results of this study showed that condemnation of liver and lungs at the abattoir is very high, thereby preventive measure need to be designed to overcome further loss by applying appropriate treatment control and preventive measures of slaughter animals. Key words: Abattoir, cattle, condemnation, Hawassa, liver, lungs, municipal.

The study was conducted from November, 2013 to March, 2014 in three selected districts of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia with objective of determining the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and density of its vectors. Blood samples from 480 randomly selected cattle of both sexes different age, coat color and body condition score groups were collected and examined with conventional hematological and entomological techniques. Out of total 480 cattle examined, 32(6.67%) were found to be positive for Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax with the individual prevalence of 5% (24/480) and 1.67 (8/480), respectively. This indicated 75% of the infection was caused by T. congolense while only 25% was by T. vivax. The areal distribution of the trypanosomosis infection was found to be 5.6, 7.3 and 7.1% in Humbo, Duguna fango and Damot woyde districts respectively. The risk factors analysis revealed that the likelihood of the occurrence of the trypanosomosis in male (p=0.046, OR=2.3, 95%CI=1.0, 5.3), age category of 3 to 7 years old (p=0.019, OR=3.2, 95% CI=1.2, 8.3), poor body conditioned animals (p=0.001, OR=12.5, 95%CI=2.8, 50.0), black coat colored animal (p = 0.02, OR=12.5, 95%CI=1.5, 117.7) was higher when compared to female, other age categories, medium and good body condition and with other coat colored animals respectively. One way ANOVA used to compare the PCV values of parasitemic and aparasitemic animals revealed mean PCV values in animal infected by T . congolense (21.38%) and T . vivax (23.75%). Accordingly, one way ANOVA employed to compare the mean PCV value among the three categories (Negative, Positive for T. congolense and positive for T. Vivax) revealed significant (p=0.000, F=25.8) difference in PCV values were observed. Likewise, the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test indicated the existence of significant difference (p=0.000) in the PCV value between negative group and positive group for T. congolense (p=0.000). From 90 traps deployed for three consecutive days at 6 kebeles in three districts, a total of 328 flies were caught. Of these, 37 (11.28%) belong to Glossina pallidipes, the remaining were 193 (58.84%) Tabanus and 98 (29.87%) Stomoxys. The overall apparent tsetse fly density was 0.14 flies/trap/days (F/T/D). Key words: Cattle, T. congolense, T. vivax, Trypanosomosis, Glossina pallidipes, Southern, Ethiopia.