Konstantin Sivolapov

Titanium is widely used in medical practice for the manufacture of implants and other structures, due to its biocompatibility and strength characteristics. However, long-term contact of titanium with body tissues, including the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses, can lead to various pathological changes. The study of these changes is an important factor in improving the quality of medical care and preventing complications. The purpose of this article is to study the types of changes in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses with long-term contact with titanium structures and to evaluate their clinical outcomes. The materials and methods are literary data describing changes in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses in patients with titanium structures and a review of related clinical cases. The study included an analysis of radiological, endoscopic and histological data to identify the nature of the changes and their consequences. The results of the study revealed various types of changes in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses, including chronic inflammation, hyperplasia, fibrosis and granuloma formation. These changes may be accompanied by clinical symptoms such as chronic sinusitis, nasal congestion and pain in the sinus area. There is a relationship between the duration of contact with titanium structures and the severity of pathological changes. In conclusion, it is stated that long-term contact of titanium with the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses can lead to significant changes that require attention both when planning surgical interventions and during postoperative observation. The results of the study show the need for further research and search for new materials for the production of implants, as well as the development of preventive measures and optimization of treatment of patients with titanium structures.

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder characterized by nail changes, lymphedema, and respiratory problems. In recent years, a possible link has been identified between YNS and titanium ion accumulation in the body of patients with titanium implants, which requires further study. In this regard, the aim of this article is to study the relationship between titanium implants and the development of YNS, as well as to investigate the mechanisms of titanium ion accumulation and their impact on patients' health. The article uses the following materials and methods: a systematic review of literature describing YNS cases in patients with titanium implants was conducted; clinical data, results of titanium level measurements in biological fluids and tissue were analyzed, and diagnostic and treatment methods were described. According to the study results, patients with titanium implants were found to have elevated levels of titanium ions in the body, which can lead to the development of YNS. Clinical manifestations include nail discoloration, thickening of the nail plates, lymphedema, and respiratory diseases. Titanium is thought to induce inflammatory reactions that disrupt the lymphatic system and eratinocyte metabolism, leading to the development of YNS. In conclusion, YNS in patients with titanium implants is an important clinical problem associated with titanium ion accumulation. Further studies are needed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms and develop methods for prevention and treatment. Physicians should consider this possible association when managing patients with titanium implants, especially in the presence of comorbidities.

Temporomandibular joint diseases (TMJ) significantly reduce the quality of life, causing such unpleasant symptoms as orofacial pain, joint sound, limited mouth opening, tinnitus, insomnia. TMJ pathology can be a consequence of both the dental interventions themselves and diseases of the oral cavity, including complete or partial edentia, malocclusion, dominance of one chewing side, periodontitis, etc. The purpose of this review was to study, based on literature data, possible disorders in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in dental pathology. The risk factors for the development of TMJ, the most common symptoms, clinical picture, features of differential diagnostics, the relationship with the use of general anesthesia, age-related changes are considered. The relationship of TMJ with dental diseases is considered in detail. The mutual influence of changes in the TMJ and the dentition has been confirmed. A conclusion has been made about the need for constant attention to the pathology of the TMJ in dental diseases.

Traumatic damage of the orbital walls is the ost important factor in the formation of posttraumatic enophthalmia and binocular diplopia. There are various methods of surgical treatment of fractures and deformity of the inferior and medial orbital walls, however there is no single algorithm how to use various plastic materials neither surgical tactics in the treatment of this pathology

The subject of the study is the formation of a biofilm in the area of ceramic and titanium implants. Objectives. A systematic analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature sources to determine the main features and differences in the formation of a biofilm in the field of ceramic and titanium implants. Methodology. The study was based on the search and study of original articles on dental implantation in databases: Russian State Library, eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. The main selection of materials was carried out by keywords. Results. Rehabilitation of edentulous spaces in patients with osseointegrated dental implants is a scientifically recognized and well-documented treatment method. Bacterial adhesion on dental implants can cause inflammatory conditions such as mucositis and peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis can lead to bone resorption and eventual loss of the implant. It has been established that zirconium oxide has a lower bacterial capacity for adhesion and inflammatory infiltration compared to titanium, and due to its hygienic properties, it has significant advantages in maintaining the level of soft tissues of the aesthetic zone and maintaining the level of the alveolar bone. Numerous studies show that the clinical use of zirconium oxide implants is practically not accompanied by manifestations of peri-implantitis, and gum epithelial tissues are able to firmly and reliably attach to their surface. Zirconia is bioinert to other materials found in the oral cavity and is particularly suitable for patients who are allergic or intolerant to metals. The latest techniques and materials, which include zirconium dioxide, have important advantages, and its use as a material for dental implants significantly increases the clinical effectiveness of treatment. Conclusions. A review of the literature on the formation of a biofilm in the area of dental implants showed that zirconium oxide has a lower bacterial ability for adhesion and inflammatory infiltration compared to titanium, and due to hygienic properties has significant advantages in maintaining the level of soft tissues of the aesthetic zone and maintaining the level of the alveolar bone.

The subject of the study is the main properties of ceramic dental implants. Objectives. A systematic analysis of modern domestic and foreign literary sources to determine the main advantages of ceramic dental implants. Methodology. The study was based on the search and study of original articles on the dental implantology in the databases: Russian State Library, eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. The main selection of materials was carried out by keywords. Results. Currently, dental ceramic implants are attracting more and more attention from both dentists and patients. Every year, the clinical use of ceramic implants is becoming wider. Only in Europe every year there are 3 major congresses on ceramic implantology. In many countries, the number of associations dealing with this particular topic has increased, ceramic implants have unlimited potential for clinical use. Numerous studies show that the clinical use of zirconium oxide implants is practically not accompanied by manifestations of peri-implantitis, and gum epithelial tissues are able to firmly and reliably attach to their surface. Zirconium forms a dense ZrO2 dioxide film on the surface with good protective properties. Zirconia is bioinert to other materials found in the oral cavity and is particularly suitable for patients who are allergic or intolerant to metals. The latest materials and techniques, which include zirconium dioxide, have important advantages, and its use as dental implants significantly increases the clinical effectiveness of treatment. Therefore, when planning dental implantation, preference should be given to zirconia implants, which will avoid the development of a negative effect of treatment on both organs and tissues of the oral cavity, and the body as a whole. Conclusions. The review of literature sources on the effectiveness of ceramic dental implants showed evidence-based possibilities for the clinical use of this type of implants in modern dentistry.

Using implants of a porous titanium nickelid at traumatic lesions of the midface allows you to restore the bone structure of the lower edge and the bottom of the eye socket, avoid or significantly reduce the number of complications such as deformation, enophthalmos.