I. A. Tarchevsky

The analysis of a change in the proteome of pea seedling roots under the influence of signaling mediators involved in plant defense reactions was carried out. It was demonstrated that the roots of pea plants specifically responded to the effect of compounds that can be mimetics of signals from the rhizosphere by a change in proteomes. Methyl jasmonate was used as a mimetic of elicitors of necrotrophic pathogens; salicylic acid and nitric oxide (NO) donor, of biotrophic pathogens; azelaic acid and cycloheximide, an antibiotic produced by soil streptomycetes, as transport inducers of systemic immunity. A specificity of the root response was manifested in the fact that only NO donor caused the induction of ferritin and phenylcoumaran benzyl ester reductase Betv6. The induction a large number of enzymes of flavonoid synthesis occurred only under the action of azelaic acid and cycloheximide, and only cycloheximide increased the content of isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, a key enzyme of terpenoid synthesis.

The review surveys the data on the role of imino acid proline as a protector of plants from abiotic and biotic stressors. The proline content in cells depends on its synthesis, degradation, export to other cells, synthesis of proline-rich proteins (PRPs), and also its liberation from them by means of proline iminopeptidases. The possibility of using proline in agrobiotechnology to boost plant resistance is illustrated by examples of such achievements afforded with exogenous proline and by development of genetically modified plants with increased levels of endogenous proline and PRPs.

Soluble proteins from roots of pea exposed to 10 μM cycloheximide (CH) during 72 h were analyzed using a proteomic method. Thirty-three proteins were found to be down regulated by CH. Unexpectedly, th