Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik

1. In the last two decades, Indonesia has experienced rapid urbanisation. During this period, population and economic activity have become increasingly concentrated in a relatively small number of ...

Investasi portofolio asing sangat sensitif terhadap risiko, termasuk risiko pencucian uang yang dapat menurunkan transparansi, meningkatkan volatilitas, dan melemahkan kepercayaan investor. kajian mengenai dampak regulasi anti pencucian uang terhadap modal asing selama ini lebih banyak berfokus pada investasi langsung dan sektor perbankan, investasi portofolio yang bersifat lebih likuid dan responsif terhadap risiko tata kelola justru berpotensi lebih terdampak namun belum banyak diteliti. Perbedaan kapasitas kelembagaan dan efektivitas regulasi anti pencucian uang antarnegara juga menyebabkan dampak yang tidak seragam, khususnya antara negara maju dan berkembang. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh risiko pencucian uang terhadap investasi portofolio asing dengan menggunakan pendekatan linier dan non-linier. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel 104 negara selama 2012–2021, melalui model Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) two-step yang mampu menangani endogenitas dan heterogenitas antarnegara secara simutan. Temuan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan landasan empiris bagi pengambil kebijakan dalam merancang sistem pengawasan keuangan yang proporsional dan tidak kontraproduktif terhadap daya tarik investasi. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok negara berkembang pada tingkat resiko pencucian uang rendah investasi menurun hingga titik ambang tertentu dan meningkat setelah melewati ambang tersebut. Pada kelompok negara maju risiko pencucian uang memiliki peran non-linier dalam memengaruhi investasi portofolio asing, sehingga kebijakan perlu dirancang secara proporsional agar tidak menghambat arus modal yang dibutuhkan untuk pembangunan ekonomi.

The triple burden of malnutrition (TBM) is the coexistence of overnutrition, undernutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies in a population. TBM leads to future chronic health problems, high healthcare costs, and challenges to sustainable development. One of the factors that contributes to TBM is environmental conditions. The Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta, in an effort to fulfill the community's right to a healthy environment, has been implementing a septic tank revitalization subsidy program from 2020 to 2022. This study aims to investigate the impact of the Septic Tank Revitalization Subsidy program on the Triple Burden of Malnutrition among under-fives in policy-affected households and identify other factors that are important in influencing the reduction in the prevalence of Triple Burden of Malnutrition. Using the Difference-in-Differences method with data on households receiving the Septic Tank Revitalization Subsidy program through the DKI Jakarta Provincial Water Resources Office and the results of the One Stop Family Data Collection survey in two waves of data collection obtained through the DKI Jakarta Provincial Empowerment, Child Protection and Population Control Office, this study concludes that the septic tank revitalization subsidy policy has not significantly influenced the reduction of the Triple Burden of Malnutrition in children under five years old. Other factors that are found to be important and significantly influential are the history of worms, drinking water sources, grandmultipara, and participation of children under five in integrated health service post (posyandu).

Research Originality — Special economic zones (SEZs) are a government policy aimed at increasing the economic growth in certain areas. Increasing economic growth in an area is important to improve community welfare. Research Objective — From the employment side, welfare can be measured through the unemployment rate. This research aims to analyze the relationship between SEZs and economic growth and community welfare at the regency/city level as measured by unemployment rate. Research Methods — This research analyzed regencies/cities in 14 provinces that have SEZ, with the research conducted over the period of 2010 to 2021. Analysis was carried out using the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method. Empirical Results — The results of the research showed that SEZs exhibited a significant positive relationship with regional economic growth, while SEZs showed an insignificant relationship with regencies/cities welfare as measured by unemployment rate indicator. Implications — The findings of the research suggest that the implementation of SEZs can be maintained and continued. The regional governments can take advantage of SEZ by strengthening infrastructure and collaborating with the central government to increase the competence of local labor.

Taxes are a fundamental component of the economy, serving as a primary resource of revenue for governments across the globe. Tax revenues are essential for financing public expenditures such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the indirect relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and tax revenue in Indonesia, specifically through tax compliance. We select ICT due to its established role as an integral part of society and helps streamline tax administration, including payment, reporting, and auditing. The data used in this study comprise panel data at the provincial level from 2018 to 2022. The tax indicator used is the tax ratio, while the ICT indicators include base transceiver station (BTS) infrastructure, and internet penetration. Utilizing the two-stage least squares (TSLS) method, this study finds that ICT has a positive correlation with the compliance ratio, and the compliance ratio, in turn, has a positive correlation with tax revenue. The implications of this study suggest the expansion of telecommunications infrastructure coverage across all regions of Indonesia and the utilization of technology in disseminating tax information to continually improve tax compliance and tax revenue mobilization.

Purpose: This study examines whether the influence of the unemployment rate on crime varies over time. It investigates if the unemployment rate positively affects the specialization of all types of crime or only a specific type of criminal act. Design/methodology/approach: Using the two-way fixed effect and the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) panel data estimation technique, the study examined the long- and short-run effects of the unemployment rate on the crime rate across 462 cities/regencies in Indonesia between 2015 and 2020. Findings: Long-run unemployment has a statistically significant negative impact on the specialization of violent crime and a positive effect on the specialization of property crime. Conversely, short-run unemployment negatively impacts the specialization of property crimes and positively affects the specialization of violent crimes. These results align with the tenets of routine activity theory and rational choice theory. Research limitations/implications: To reduce crime and support economic growth, the government should focus on creating jobs, particularly addressing long-run unemployment, which reflects regional disparities in unemployment rates. Originality/value: This study uniquely applies the location quotient (LQ) method to examine crime specialization trends in Indonesia and uses city/regency-level data to avoid bias from measurement errors at either the national or provincial level.