Faisal Shahzad

Thermal system efficiency improvement is critical in many technical applications such as automobile cooling systems, power production, microelectronics, heat exchangers, and air conditioning. In recent decades, the main question about solar energy analyses is how can heat energy be maximized which can be used in electrical energy applications for different purposes in solar-power ships. The present paper details the influence of nano-solid particles as well as an analysis of entropy formation on parabolic trough surface collector (PTSC) in solar power ships (SPS). Considerations are made on the effects of the porous medium, Darcy-Forchheimer as well as the non-Newtonian Oldroyd-B model in the present research. Impacts of thermal radiations, viscous dissipation, the penetrability of the surface, and hybridity nanoparticles are included to increase the heat transition capability of solar-powered ships. The dimensionless sundry factors that influence temperature, rate of heat transport, and velocity are shown via graphs and observation tables. Rate of heat transition in SPS is increased with the positive change in the effects of viscid dissipaiktive, thermal radiative, and sucking flowing. SWCNT/kerosene nanofluid has better thermodynamic capability than SWCNT-MWCNT/kerosene nanofluid. Thermal efficacy of SWCNT-MWCNT/Kerosene over SWCNT/kerosene is seen with a minimum of 2.399326%.

The purpose of this investigation is to develop a novel mathematical model for the stagnation point flow of Reiner-Philippoff fluid across an extensible surface, which is accompanied by Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion, thermal radiation, variable molecular diffusivity, and mixed convection. The partial differential expressions governing the flow issues are translated into nonlinear ordinary differential equations via appropriate similarity variables and then numerically treated using the bvp4c MATLAB built-in technique. Tables and graphs are employed to probed the influence of diverse factors on heat and mass transference rates, as well as the density profile of microorganisms. It is revealed that increasing the thermal relaxation time and the concentration relaxation time depreciates the heat transfer and mass transfer processes and that increasing the Peclet quantity and the microbiological concentricity change factor decreases the motile density outline. The current study is original and topical in the sense that the impact of Fourier's heat, as well as mass flux, stagnation point and microorganisms for the case of Reiner-Philippoff fluid, are not interrogated before.

This research looks at the generating of entropy in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flowing of a Williamson-nanofluid (W-NF) across an infinite horizontal plate which is located in the solar-powered tractor. The non-linear, homogeneous surface stretching then induces flow. Furthermore, as external sources, the current study includes penetrable material, thermal radiative flux, heat source/sink, viscous dissipative flow, and Ohmic heating characteristics. Using similarity variables, a solution is achieved by transforming controlling PDEs into ODEs. After that, the Keller-box finite-difference technique is used to approximate the solution of diminished ODEs. The findings of two nanofluid tests, copper-engine oil (Cu-EO) and silver-engine oil (Ag-EO), were addressed in this paper. According to the results, a considerable porous medium decreased the Nusselt number while increasing the skin friction coefficient. Furthermore, increasing the Reynolds and Brinkman numbers enhanced the system's total entropy. This study shows that W-NF can improve heat collector performance. The comparative heat transference rate of Cu/Ag-EO is the study's clincher. Cu-EO-based NF is shown to be a good quality thermal conductance than Ag-EO-based NF. Additionally, compared to a sphere, hexahedron, tetrahedron, column shape nanoparticles, lamina has more effect on the function of temperature and entropy.

Nanofluids contains tiny particles in the working liquid due to which heat conduction is raised appreciably. Further, existence of the motile microorganisms boosts the thermal and mass transport in the system and so the improvement is developed in the stability of nanofluid. In this perspective, the emphasis of the existing analysis is to explore the effect of magnetism on the stream bioconvection nanoliquid via porous media under the influence of heat radiation driven by stretching surface. The present flow situation of PDEs is remodeled invariantly to nonlinear ODEs using similarity variables. Further, classical Keller-box technique is implemented to deal with the transformed model. The physical characteristics of flow restrictions over velocity, energy, concentration and density profile are plotted and discussed. With elevation in porosity, thermal buoyancy and slip boosted the microorganism nanofluid flow velocity. Due to induced electromagnetic force velocity is reduced with rise of magnetic term. Except Prandtl number all the considered thermofluidic terms encourages heat propagation and diffusion. A strong boost in species mass distribution is observed with an increase in thermophoretic term due to high propelled of the chemical reaction. Overall magnitude of the microorganism motile density is damped for various examined thermophysical parameters.

A fluid’s moving class improves its heat transmission capability, as well as its rigidity, owing to multivariate molecule suspension. In this way, nanofluids are superior to common fluids. In this study, we evaluated the features of ease and heat transfer. Furthermore, we investigated permeable media, heat source, variable heat conductivity, and warm irradiation results. A mathematical technique known as the Galerkin finite element (G-FEM) approach was used to solve the supervising conditions. Third-grade nanofluid (TGNF), which consists of two types of nanoparticles (NPs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) distributed in a base liquid of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) water, was used for this examination. The main conclusion of this study is that MWCNT-CMC nanofluid has a higher heat transfer velocity than SWCNT-CMC nanofluid. The entropy of the framework can be increased by adjusting the thermal conductivity. Additionally, we found that increasing the main volume section decreases the speed but increases the dispersion of atomic energy. In order to separately account for the development properties of inertial forces and shallow heat dispersion forces, Reynolds and Brinkman values can be used to accelerate the entropy rate of the heating framework.

In our research work, we have developed a model describing the characteristics of the bio-convection and moving microorganisms in the flows of a magnetized generalized Burgers’ nanoliquid with Fourier’s and Fick’s laws in a stretchable sheet. Considerations have been made to Cattaneo–Christov mass and heat diffusion theory. According to the Cattaneo–Christov relation, the Buongiorno phenomenon for the motion of a nanoliquid in the generalized Burgers’ fluid has also been applied. Similarity transformations have been used to convert the control system of the regulating partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The COMSOL software has been applied to obtain mathematical results of non-linear equations via the Galerkin finite element method (G-FEM). Logical and graphical measurements for temperature, velocity, and microorganisms analysis have also been examined. Moreover, nanoparticle concentrations have been achieved by examining different approximations of obvious physical parameters. Computations of this model show that there is a direct relationship among the temperature field and thermal Biot number and parameter of the generalized Burgers’ fluid. The temperature field is increased to grow the approximations of the thermal Biot number and parameter of generalized Burgers’ fluid. It is reasonable to deduce that raising the chemical reaction parameter and concentricity relaxation parameter or decreasing the Prandtl number, concentricity Biot quantity, and active energy parameter can significantly increase the nanoparticles concentration dispersion.

The important nuclear energy supply from the solar is daylight-based energy, and its miles are applied extensively in advances, for example, solar primarily based water siphons and photovoltaic cells. The exam of solar-orientated radiation innovation is essential in absolutely taking benefit of the presentation of solar primarily based water siphons (SWP). The usage of Engine oil (EO) based nanofluid with allegorical container floor authority (PTSC) within the SWP has been created to look at the viability of the warm transmission. The good spring of the hotness is distinguished as sun-oriented radiation. In case of a few effects, for example, heat source, and warm radiation, the warm assignment execution of the SWP are analyzed. The investigation of the entropy for Oldroyd-B liquid has additionally been evaluated via Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li (KKL) model. The displayed energy and force conditions have been managed to utilize the grounded Keller-box approach. Several different limits are briefly presented for the subject matter of figures and tables regarding velocity, temperature, and Nusselt numbers. The water siphon's effectiveness in heat transmission improves concerning warm radiation and warm conductivity on temperature. Furthermore, with a minimum of 1.37% and a limit of 6.41%, the warm effectiveness of CuO/EO is above Al₂O₃/EO.

In this study, an incompressible, steady, and magnetohydrodynamic flow of Buongiorno nanofluid through a stretchable surface has been analyzed by adopting a theoretical and numerical approach. This paper involves the impacts of buoyancy forces, thermal conductivity, chemically diffusion, and Arrhenius activation energy. Moreover, the influence of the suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms in the nanofluids is also a part of this study. It is assumed that the behavior of viscosity varies as a function of time and the suspension of microorganisms remain consistent throughout the study. A system of PDEs is reduced to a solvable system of ODEs by applying a suitable similarity transformation. For the sake of numerical solutions, the shooting method has been employed. Wolfram Mathematica has been used to deal with the BVP. In addition, the behaviors of different emerging parameters comprising velocity outline, temperature outline, concentration distribution, the density outline of gyrotactic microorganisms have also been demonstrated by graphical illustrations. From the extracted results, it has been observed that the rising values of viscosity of fluid produce a decline in the velocity parameter. Also, an increment has been noticed in the temperature profile for the growing behavior of the mixed convective factor.