Dermeval Araújo Furtado

The objective of this research was to evaluate all physiological variables and determine which variables have the greatest power to explain variation in the adaptive profile using discriminant analysis. Eighteen non-castrated male sheep of the Soinga, Morada Nova, and Santa Inês breeds were used, with an average age of 5±1.0 months and an average weight of 15±2.3kg. The animals were exposed for 12 continuous hours (from 6 am to 6 pm) on 15 consecutive days to each of the treatments (temperatures of 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36°C), with relative air humidity of 65±5%, alternating with 12h at a comfort temperature. Rectal temperature (RT) showed correlations of 0.50 with respiratory rate (RR) and 0.56 with surface temperature (ST), making them the only variables with correlation coefficients above 50% with RT. Of the 21 variables analyzed, only three-RR, ST, and SKT-collectively represent 97% of the data variation. Canonical discriminant analysis further indicates that RR (0.77) has the highest canonical coefficient in CAN1, while ST (1.13) dominates CAN2, and SKT (0.94) has the highest coefficient in CAN3. This study highlights the physiological mechanisms underlying thermal adaptation in native sheep breeds, emphasizing the role of key variables such as respiratory rate (RR), surface temperature (ST), and skin temperature (SKT) in response to environmental temperature variations. Multivariate analyses confirm that these variables are strong indicators of heat stress and play a fundamental role in maintaining homeostasis.

This study evaluated the physiological responses and carcass traits of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed diets supplemented with the macroalga Gracilaria birdiae across different thermal environments. A completely randomized 4 × 3 factorial design tested four macroalgae inclusion levels (0, 3, 6, and 9%) and three temperatures (25, 29, and 33 °C). Cloacal temperature (CT), respiratory rate (RR), and surface temperature (ST) were not significantly influenced by algal inclusion (P = 0.1413 and P = 0.9616, respectively). On the other hand, RR decreased significantly in quails receiving macroalgae (P = 0.0002), indicating improved heat dissipation. No interaction between dietary algae levels and temperature was detected for absolute or relative organ weights (P>0.05). Inclusion of 9% Gracilaria birdiae in the diet of female Japanese quails was safe and effective at 29 °C, maintaining live weight, carcass quality, and organ development. At 33 °C, however, breast yield decreased significantly, highlighting the importance of heat-stress management strategies.

The objective of this research was to reduce the dimensionality of the original set of variables by eliminating redundant information and enabling the recommendation of variables to be evaluated in future experiments. A total of 240 European quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix Japonica), aged one day and with an average weight of 8 g, standard deviation ± 0.50 g, were analyzed in this study. It was observed that weight gain (32.75%), liver (37.19%), and intestine (33.54%) exhibited the highest coefficients of variation. On the other hand, cloacal temperature had the lowest coefficient of variation (0.88%), indicating low variability in respiratory rate (16.23%) and surface temperature (3.55%). In total, the three main components together explained 74.65% of the data variation, indicating that, among the 16 variables analyzed, 13 were significant in explaining the observed variability. The variables heart weight, liver, and gizzard were not considered relevant for this study once their impact on the multivariate analysis was minimal. These results have direct implications for the food industry, as they reveal factors that affect meat quality and consumer acceptance.

The objective of this research was to reduce the dimensionality of the original set of variables by eliminating redundant information and enabling the recommendation of variables to be evaluated in future experiments. A total of 240 European quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix Japonica), aged 1 day and with an average weight of 8 ± 0.50 g, were used. It was observed that weight gain (32.75%), liver (37.19%), and intestine (33.54%) exhibited the highest coefficients of variation. On the other hand, cloacal temperature had the lowest coefficient of variation (0.88%), indicating low variability in respiratory rate (16.23%) and surface temperature (3.55%). In total, the three main components together explain 74.65% of the data variation, indicating that, among the 16 variables analyzed, 13 were significant in explaining the observed variability. The variables heart weight, liver, and gizzard were not considered relevant for this study, as their impact on the multivariate analysis was minimal. These results have direct implications for the food industry, as they reveal factors that affect meat quality and consumer acceptance.

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa caracterizar a relação materno-filial de ovelhas de raça pura Santa Inês (SI), ½ Santa Inês x Dorper (DP) e ¾ Santa Inês x Dorper após o parto. Para observações comportamentais, foram monitoradas 65 fêmeas, incluindo 17 ovelhas de raça pura SI, 25 ovelhas ½ SI x DP e 23 ovelhas ¾ SI x DP, analisando o comportamento materno-filial das ovelhas e cordeiros em intervalos de 5 minutos durante um período de observação de 12 horas. O peso dos cordeiros não apresentou diferença significativa (P = 0,987), considerando os genótipos, mas houve diferença significativa (P = 0,024) considerando o sexo dos animais. O peso dos animais apresentou diferença significativa (P = 0,012) em função da interação genótipo x sexo. Considerando a atividade das ovelhas com seus filhotes, observa-se que nenhuma atividade apresentou diferença significativa em função do genótipo, ou seja, mesmo com o grau de sangue de uma raça paterna, a raça materna presente no cruzamento é importante e a característica da capacidade maternal é mantida. Em relação à postura das ovelhas com seus filhotes, observou-se que houve diferença significativa de acordo com o genótipo, as ovelhas Santa Inês puras passaram menos tempo se movimentando (P = 0,034). As atividades dos cordeiros procurando o úbere (P = 0,034) e tentando se levantar (P = 0,035) apresentaram diferenças significativas de acordo com o genótipo, com os valores sendo menores nas ovelhas Santa Inês puras. As ovelhas que acabaram de parir passavam a maior parte do tempo realizando comportamentos destinados a formar um vínculo emocional com seus filhotes e cuidando de aspectos importantes para a sobrevivência imediata dos cordeiros, como limpar o corpo dos recém-nascidos. Os cordeiros, por sua vez, assim que conseguiam ficar de pé e se movimentar, priorizavam a ingestão de colostro.

The aim of this research was to develop a range of feeding troughs for young and adult goats. The aim was to offer the animals a product that would provide the right amount of supplementation at the right time, increasing herd productivity and reducing mortality due to ineffective management. In order to develop the product, a series of studies were carried out on the morphology of the animals at different stages, as well as an analysis of the alternative material feeders already available on goat farms. These studies made it possible to develop a product that would meet all the goats' needs. On the basis of the information obtained, formal proposals for automated feeders were drawn up. These were followed by reduced-scale mock-ups in order to carry out volumetric and functional studies. At the end of the product development phase, it was concluded that the new model would meet the animals' needs and facilitate the work of the keeper when compared to the feeders available in the facilities. It would also provide better conditions for the provision of supplements at predetermined times and in predetermined portions.

This review aimed to present the current status of the studies about the role of physiological, biochemical and hormonal variables on the blood of sheep raised in adverse environments. Scientific work in recent years has allowed for the evaluation of how sheep of distinct breeds react to edaphoclimatic effects to maintain homeothermy according to adaptability to the environment. The exposure of sheep to heat stress causes changes in the physiological functions with impact on production and productivity of the animals. There is evidence that the central nervous system is sensitive to temperature changes, and some cells are agiler in the cold than in heat. In conclusion, we say that regardless of the breed, the raising environment and its climatic variables can trigger physiological, biochemical, and hormonal alterations that result in a reduction of the heat production for maintenance of homeothermy. All these changes have a substantial impact on production and productivity.

A definição de elementos de interesse visual da paisagem, a análise do contexto ambiental em relação ao todo construído é fundamental para a o desenvolvimento do espaço, em conjunto com suas particularidades e potencialidades para o futuro, levando em conta sua autossuficiência para sua preservação. Os vários métodos de LCA (landscape caracter assessment ou análise de caráter de paisagem) fornecem informações essenciais para a identificação, conservação e administração de paisagens, a partir da definição de seu caráter, classificação e da definição de seu propósito de utilização e futura, que possam auxiliar o desenvolvimento da área, principalmente áreas rurais, denotando valores de acordo com a checagem de elementos estéticos e perceptuais, histórico culturais, e de sensibilidade da paisagem, que resultam nas informações de capacidades de receber mudanças, destacando meios de mitigação para pesos negativos. Este estudo objetiva-se em copilar as informações de LCAs existentes de forma delinear a relação entre paisagem, paisagem rural, e a inserção de uma atividade sustentável, como o turismo. A análise de paisagem pode auxiliar ao desenvolvimento e exploração de paisagens rurais no contexto brasileiro, visto que estes temas são muito utilizados em paisagens europeias, promovendo o desenvolvimento regional. locais e edificações inseridas em contextos históricos e cenográficos podem produzir uma comunicação de importância visual, ambiental e cultural, que podem aliar-se no desenvolvimento de uma possível rota turística, que mantenha e reproduza determinadas experiências ligadas a região onde estão localizadas, e que possa ser palco para atividades comerciais e de complementação de renda aos moradores da área.

The aim of this research was to create an embedded device based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology that could measure air temperature, humidity, pressure and altitude using a single sensor. Using this data, the device is able to calculate indices such as Black Globe Temperature (BGT), Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and Temperature, Globe and Humidity Index (TGUI). This equipment is compact, measuring just 6 centimeters, and has Wi-Fi connectivity, which makes it an IoT device. This allows the data to be sent to a web server, where the farmer or any user with access can view the animals' thermal comfort conditions in real time. This visualization can be done conveniently on desktops, notebooks or smartphones, from anywhere in the world. In this way, the IoT equipment helps the producer make decisions, avoiding productivity losses, health problems and guaranteeing product quality by preventing possible thermal stress caused to the animals.

The objective with this research was to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model for the forage cactus cultivar Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw, in order to simulate crop yield and make the model applicable to the simulation of yield in the semiarid region. The AquaCrop model version 5.0 has four modules, which cover aspects related to climate, crop, irrigation and soil and, these modules were fed with the data collected in an experiment carried out at the Experimental Farm of the National Institute of the Semiarid (INSA), located in the municipality of Campina Grande city, PB, in the mesoregion of Agreste, Brazil. Based on these data, yield estimation was carried out, observing the effect of water on crop yield. To validate the model, the data obtained in the field at the irrigation frequencies of 7 and 28 days were compared with the results estimated by the AquaCrop model. The calibration and validation of the AquaCrop model for the forage cactus cultivar Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw, presented satisfactory results for the simulated productivity when compared to the yield obtained in the field for the irrigation frequencies of 7 and 28 days, making AquaCrop a model applicable to the simulation of yield and responses to water stress of these crops, which can assist the producer in the decision-making process on his property.