Marcela Rangel Marrón

La obra contempla el trabajo colaborativo de diferentes instituciones que conforman la red de investigación en Nuevas Tecnologías de Conservación y Desarrollo de Alimentos (NTCyDA). Está integrada por ocho investigaciones enfocadas en la innovación alimentaria y aprovechamiento sostenible de recursos no convencionales y naturales, con el objetivo de contribuir al desarrollo de productos con características nutricionales, respondiendo a las demandas actuales de calidad, salud y sostenibilidad. Cada capítulo abordó la incorporación de ingredientes alternativos en tortillas y productos de panificación, la extracción de compuestos bioactivos con actividad antimicrobiana, la sustitución de grasas convencionales en productos cárnicos. Por otra parte, desarrollaron películas comestibles con un enfoque funcional, destacaron la importancia de alimentos sinbióticos en matrices no lácteas y así mismo, destacaron los beneficios de la microencapsulación de un probiótico. En términos generales, los resultados demuestran que, la investigación colaborativa contribuye en dar soluciones innovadoras con valor agregado

Plastic pollution and the accumulation of agricultural waste are two environmental problems. Coffee pulp, one of the most common and underutilized byproducts of the coffee process, is rich in antioxidants and can be used as a functional additive for biodegradable films. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of coffee pulp extract at different concentrations [1, 5, and 10% w/v] on alginate films. The results showed that adding the extract had significant effects [p < 0.05] on color and moisture content; barrier properties and elongation decreased, while tensile strength and antioxidant capacity increased with increasing coffee pulp extract content. SEM analysis revealed a rough surface. This biotechnological innovation offers a sustainable alternative to synthetic plastic and adds value to the coffee value chain.

A 23 factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of honey [M: 2-10% w/v], pectin [P: 5-8% w/v, and glycerol [G: 3-6% w/v] on physical, mechanical, and water vapor permeability properties. The edible films [EFs] were prepared by the casting method, resulting in amber-colored, transparent films with 98% water solubility. ANOVA indicated significant interactions [p<0.05] between M-P on thickness and M G on moisture content [MC]. The balance between M and G concentrations relative to P proportion improved tensile strength [TS: 10.92 N/mm2] and Young´s modulus [E: 59.67 MPa]. Validation of the optimized film [2, 8, and 3% w/v for M, P, and G, respectively] yielded an RMS < 7% for predictive models of MC, Thickness, and TS. The results confirm that the EF obtained can be applied in food packaging.

Los productos cárnicos procesados, como los embutidos, incluidas las salchichas y las hamburguesas, forman parte importante de la alimentación cotidiana de muchas familias mexicanas debido a su practicidad, bajo costo y amplia aceptación cultural.

La presente obra es un testimonio del compromiso académico, científico y social de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen con la generación y difusión del conocimiento en múltiples dimensiones. Este libro de investigación multidisciplinaria reúne una valiosa colección de capítulos que exploran diversas áreas del saber, producto del trabajo colaborativo entre profesoras, profesores y estudiantes de nuestra institución. En un contexto donde los retos sociales, ambientales, económicos y tecnológicos demandan enfoques integradores, este volumen representa una respuesta a la necesidad de construir puentes entre disciplinas, de dialogar desde distintos lenguajes científicos y de aportar soluciones conjuntas a problemas complejos. La convergencia de líneas de investigación tan diversas en estas páginas refleja el dinamismo de nuestra comunidad universitaria y su capacidad para innovar desde la pluralidad.

La presente obra es un testimonio del compromiso académico, científico y social de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen con la generación y difusión del conocimiento en múltiples dimensiones. Este libro de investigación multidisciplinaria reúne una valiosa colección de capítulos que exploran diversas áreas del saber, producto del trabajo colaborativo entre profesoras, profesores y estudiantes de nuestra institución. En un contexto donde los retos sociales, ambientales, económicos y tecnológicos demandan enfoques integradores, este volumen representa una respuesta a la necesidad de construir puentes entre disciplinas, de dialogar desde distintos lenguajes científicos y de aportar soluciones conjuntas a problemas complejos. La convergencia de líneas de investigación tan diversas en estas páginas refleja el dinamismo de nuestra comunidad universitaria y su capacidad para innovar desde la pluralidad.

Se evaluó la estabilidad de betabel en polvo deshidratado a 50 ºC mediante isotermas de sorción a 15, 25 y 35 ºC utilizando soluciones salinas sobresaturadas en el intervalo de aw [0.11 – 0.90] mediante el método gravimétrico isopiéstico. Se obtuvieron isotermas de sorción tipo II características de alimentos ricos en azúcares. Los modelos de Bradley, G.A.B, Halsey, Henderson, Oswin y Smith, describieron el contenido de humedad en función del coeficiente de correlación [R2] > 0.95 y el porcentaje de la raíz media cuadrática del error [%RMS < 10%]. Además, se utilizó la ecuación de Clausius-Clapeyron para determinar el calor isostérico [Qs]. Los valores de humedad de la monocapa de 2.915, 4.814 y 2.556 g agua/g sólido seco para 15, 25 y 35 °C obtenidos por el modelo de G.A.B demostraron que la temperatura de 35 °C es adecuada para mantener la vida de anaquel de betabel en polvo.

This study reports the trace metal concentrations in PM₁₀ collected in two urban sites of Campeche, Mexico (the INAH site, located in the downtown, and the TNL site, located in the Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico campus Lerma). Trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, with Fe and Mn being the most dominant species. Cd and Co showed high values of enrichment factors, indicating that they were highly enriched by anthropogenic sources. A health risk assessment was carried out according to the IRIS-EPA methodology considering both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects and different age and gender population groups. The TNL site showed cancer risk coefficients that exceed the maximum limits established by the EPA and the WHO (1 × 10⁻⁶ and 1 × 10⁻⁵, respectively), being higher for Cd and Co. The non-carcinogenic risk exceeded the limits recommended by the EPA, being higher in the INAH site for cobalt (HQ = 28.92). There is a latent risk that the exposed population may develop cardiovascular and respiratory diseases due to inhalation of the metals measured in PM₁₀. It is necessary to carry out more continuous monitoring campaigns of trace metals linked to PM₁₀ in this area to enable a better understanding of the effects of these contaminants on the health of the exposed population. The results of the present work constitute the first efforts to evaluate the trace metals concentrations in PM₁₀ in urban areas of the city of Campeche, Campeche and can be used to develop programs focused on improving air quality.

The short-term effects of air pollution on the health of residents in the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MAMC) were assessed in 11 municipalities from 2012 to 2015 using a time-series approach. Site 11 (Azcapotzalco) presented values above the limit of the Mexican regulations for SO₂, while values above the limit were found for CO for the city’s other municipalities. Site 8 (Cuauhtemoc) presented the highest number of values above the maximum permissible limit for NO₂, while site 1 (Alvaro Obregon) presented the highest number of values above the limit for O₃. Finally, site 7 (Venustiano Carranza) presented the highest number of values above the limit for PM₁₀. In general, the southeast and northwest of the city presented high levels of pollution for the criteria air pollutants: SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀, while the southeast presented the highest levels for O₃. A great number of associations were found between daily mortality and a 10% increase in the concentrations of most of the pollutants tested, for most of the municipalities of the city. Significant relative risk index (RRI) increases were found for people >60 years of age for all pollutants and municipalities, increases which resulted from a 10% increase in the daily mean concentrations of all pollutants tested. As the RRIs observed were low but significant, the findings are, thus, of public concern. The present study demonstrated that older people are at considerable risk from atmospheric pollution.

Short-term effects of air pollution on the health of residents in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico were assessed from 2012–2015 using a time-series approach. Guadalupe had the highest mean concentrations for SO₂, CO and O₃; whereas Santa Catarina showed the highest NO₂ concentrations. Escobedo and Garcia registered the highest levels for PM₁₀. Only PM₁₀ and O₃ exceeded the maximum permissible values established in the Mexican official standards. Most of pollutants and municipalities showed a great number of associations between an increase of 10% in their current concentrations and mortality, especially for people >60 years. Different scenarios resulting from climatic change were built (increases of 5–25% in daily mean temperature), but only the increase of 25% (5 °C) showed a significant association with air pollutant concentrations and mortality. All pollutants and municipalities showed significant increases in relative risk indexes (RRI) resulting from an increase of 5 °C when people >60 years was considered. Results were comparable to those reported by other authors around the world. The RRI were low but significant, and thus are of public concern. This study demonstrated that the elderly is strongly threatened not only by atmospheric pollution but also by climatic change scenarios in warm and semiarid places.