Dilawar Hassan

The chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) offers a promising route for recovering valuable monomers from postconsumer plastic waste. This study investigates imidazolium‐based ionic liquids as facilitators for the glycolytic depolymerization of PET and evaluates their performance under systematically varied reaction conditions. Two ionic liquids, 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate (D2) and 1‐vinylimidazolium dimethyl sulfate (V2), were synthesized and characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( ¹ H NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of ionic‐liquid concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on PET conversion and bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) yield were investigated. Among the tested ionic liquids, D2 exhibited superior performance to V2, achieving complete PET conversion (100%) and a BHET yield of 75% at 5 wt% D2, 200°C, and 2 h. TGA demonstrated greater thermal stability of D2 compared with V2, while FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of BHET following PET depolymerization. Scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct surface morphologies for the two ionic liquids, with D2 exhibiting a more uniform and compact structure. The results demonstrate that the performance of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids is strongly influenced by their structure and reaction conditions. The glycolysis by D2 provides an effective route for PET depolymerization and BHET recovery, offering a potential strategy for integrating chemical recycling into circular polymer production.

Sustainable green synthesis of CeNPs, ZnNPs, and Ce–Zn nanocomposites using Rhazya stricta for enhanced synergistic solutions in solar-driven dye degradation (SDG 6) and antimicrobial/biomedical applications (SDG 3).

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is transforming agriculture from traditional input-based practices to data-driven, real-time, and automated production systems. IoT platforms integrate advanced sensors, connectivity infrastructures, and edge–cloud computing to continuously monitor soil moisture, nutrient status, pH, temperature, and plant physiological parameters, enabling early detection of biotic and abiotic stresses. When combined with artificial intelligence and machine learning models, heterogeneous data streams are analyzed to optimize irrigation, fertigation, pest management, and overall farm productivity. Automated control systems translate analytical insights into timely agronomic interventions, reducing resource inputs, labor demands, and environmental impacts. Applications span large-scale farms, smallholder systems, and controlled environments, demonstrating improved yield, resource efficiency, and crop quality.

The modern food supply chain faces an unprecedented dual challenge: mitigating the catastrophic environmental footprint of petroleum-based plastics while simultaneously curbing global food loss and waste.

This study evaluates the potential of Peganum harmala extract, Ag-NPs, Cu-NPs, and bimetallic Ag–Cu NPs to alleviate nickel stress, reduce heavy metal translocation, and enhance growth and yield metrics in two wheat cultivars.

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the zinc (Zn) accumulation potential of Lupinus uncinatus Schldl. The effects of varying Zn concentrations on plant dry matter yield, metal tolerance, and Zn accumulation and distribution in roots, stems, and leaves were investigated. Zn was applied as ZnCl2 at rates of, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p<0.05) revealed significant effects of Zn on root dry weight, Zn uptake in roots, stems, and leaves, and the shoot-to-root Zn ratio. Root dry weight was significantly reduced, with the highest Zn treatment (600 mg/kg) causing a 57% reduction compared to control plants. However, no significant differences were observed in overall plant dry matter yield. Metal tolerance declined with increasing Zn stress. Zn accumulation in leaves reached 9,632 mg/kg and 14,771 mg/kg at soil Zn application rates of 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, respectively. The shoot-to-root Zn ratio exceeded one, and more than 64% of the total Zn absorbed by L. uncinatus was translocated to the shoots at 600 mg/kg. These results position L. uncinatus as a promising species for Zn phytoremediation, encouraging future studies under field conditions and with other toxic metals.