Ana Maria Lopez Sobaler

The impact of heavy alcohol consumption on health and nutritional status is well-documented, but the effects of moderate beer consumption remain less well understood.

Summary: Introduction: Some studies suggest that meal timing is involved in obesity and metabolic health. However, little is known about children, so the aim was to assess whether meal timing patterns affect nutritional status and diet quality in children.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 880 children (8–13 years). Participants were classified according to the median timing of their first meal, last meal and the length of their eating window (12 h). Adjusted linear regression was used to evaluate associations between first meal timing, last meal timing or eating window and anthropometric, biochemical and dietary variables.Results: A later last meal was associated with lower scores on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI‐2020), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and DASH diet [β (95% CI): −1.139 (−2.258; −0.021), −0.207 (−0.408; −0.007) and − 0.582 (−1.072; −0.092), respectively]. A longer eating window was associated with higher glucose levels, LDL‐c, and the ratio LDL‐c/HDL‐c [β (95% CI): 3.204 (1.876; 4.532), 4.725 (1.109; 8.342), and 0.090 (0.014; 0.166), respectively].Conclusion: Later meal timing and a prolonged eating window were linked to poorer diet quality and unfavourable metabolic markers. It may be relevant to consider meal timing as a preventive health strategy in the development of future dietary guidelines.

This study explored how adherence to the DASH diet relates to electrophysiological measures in individuals at varying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk due to family history (FH). There were 179 dementia-free subjects. DASH index was calculated, and participants were classified into different DASH adherence groups. Tertiles of relative alpha power in default mode network (DMN) regions were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association. Lower DASH adherence was associated with decreased odds of higher relative alpha power in the DMN, observed across the entire sample and specifically among those without a FH of AD. Logistic regression models indicated that participants with poorer DASH adherence had a reduced likelihood of elevated DMN alpha power, potentially influenced by vascular and amyloid-beta mechanisms. These findings underscore the dietary pattern’s potential role in neural activity modulation, particularly in individuals not genetically predisposed to AD.

Hydration status plays a key role in healthy ageing, and it is potentially affected by several factors, including drug consumption. However, research on this issue to date is scarce, especially in highly vulnerable groups, such as the elderly. We aimed to study the relationship linking hydration status, analysed by means of a validated questionnaire, 24 h urine analysis, body composition assessment, and drug consumption in a sample of old adults. A total of 144 elders were included in the study. Cardiovascular drug consumption was significantly associated with a lower water intake in men (β = −0.282, p = 0.029). Moreover, urinary analysis revealed that total drug intake as well as the consumption of diuretics and cardiovascular drugs were associated with poorer hydration status, whereas genito-urinary drugs were associated with an opposite effect, and these results were confirmed in terms of body composition. Hence, total drug consumption (β = −0.205), diuretic (β = −0.408), cardiovascular (β = −0.297), and genito-urinary drugs (β = 0.298) were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with total body water. The obtained results confirmed the impact of chronic treatment with certain drugs on hydration status. Nutritional interventions may be of great interest in certain population groups in order to prevent complications due to altered hydration status.

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity is a global concern and has increased in Spain over the last decades. Combinations of lifestyle behaviors (i.e., diet, sleep, and sedentarism) are highly related to weight status. Therefore, this study aimed to identify lifestyle patterns among children from Madrid City, and analyze associations with the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, considering socio-economic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 4545 children from the ENPIMAD study with data on diet, sleep, anthropometric, and socio-economic variables. K-means cluster analysis was used to identify lifestyle clusters, and logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between socio-economic indicators and cluster membership, and between clusters and weight status. Results: Findings show three lifestyle clusters (healthy, mixed, and unhealthy), with boys and older children more represented in the unhealthy cluster. Food insecurity and low socio-economic status were associated with unhealthier clusters in boys and girls. Children in unhealthier clusters were more likely to have obesity and abdominal obesity. However, these associations disappeared in girls after controlling for food insecurity. Conclusion: These results provide insight into the combination of behaviors and socio-economic factors associated with childhood obesity that may aid in the design of future interventions.

Proteins are macronutrients with multiple health benefits, but excessive consumption can negatively affect health. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of a sample of high-protein processed foods (HPPFs), describe how their consumption affects dietary balance, and acquire knowledge of the consumption patterns of these products in a Spanish population. A sample of HPPFs available in supermarkets and on websites was collected. The contribution to recommended protein intakes was calculated using national and international references and considering the single consumption of the HPPFs and the product plus 150 g of meat. Furthermore, an online survey was conducted among a convenience sample. A total of 36 enriched protein products were evaluated. The percentage of proteins in these products ranges from 10 to 88%. The contribution of the protein recommended intake was within a range of 87.4–306.6% and 66.4–232.8% (women and men, respectively), only considering the additional proteins from 150 g of meat. One hundred thirty-nine participants completed the survey; 67.6% affirmed that they had consumed HPPFs, and half consumed them without following any consumption control. Since these products are accessible to everyone in supermarkets and protein intake is generally higher than the recommended limits, regulating the mass sale of HPPFs is essential to ensure they do not lead to protein overconsumption.

Revista oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición. Está dedicada al estudio y divulgación de temas relacionados con la nutrición.

Background: Lipoproteins play a crucial role in the brain, where they assist in lipid transport, as lipids constitute a majority of the brain’s dry mass. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene allele carriage promotes lipid dysfunction, endothelial injury and cerebrovascular disease, contributing to increased risk of dementia. Furthermore, it also results in insufficient lipid availability for neuronal remodelling and repair processes, leading to altered synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. In this scenario, we explored the relationship between the consumption of various kinds of fatty acids and functional brain connectivity in carriers and non‐carriers of this genetic risk factor.Method: 64 individuals (24 APOE ε4+; 40 APOE ε4‐) at high cardiovascular risk (waist/height index ≥0.5), aged 50 and above and without cognitive impairment underwent four minutes of eyes‐closed resting state magnetoencephalography recording. We estimated functional connectivity using phase‐locking value and applied data driven cluster‐based permutation test to detect the brain regions for which mean connectivity with every other region across the brain was modulated by each of four fatty acids consumption variables: consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids, consumption of saturated fatty acids, ω‐3/ω‐6 fatty acids consumption and overall quality of fatty acids consumption [(monounsaturated+polyunsaturated)/saturated].Result: None of the studied variables yielded significant results across the whole sample. However, an interesting result emerged after stratification by genotype:‐ higher consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids was associated with lower functional connectivity in the theta (temporal cluster) and delta bands (frontal cluster).‐ higher ω‐3/ω‐6 consumption ratios were associated with lower functional connectivity in the alpha band (occipital cluster).Conclusion: ε4 carriers seem to benefit from greater ω‐3/ω‐6 consumption, which was found to be associated to lower connectivity in the alpha band. Relevantly, several studies point towards alpha hyperconnectivity as a early sign of dysfunction in healthy individuals at high risk for Alzheimer’s disease. On the other hand, for ε4 non‐carriers, where lipid transportation within the brain is expected to be optimal, monounsaturated fatty acids appear to be more beneficial.