Abid Ali Khan

In the aircraft industry, the ultimate goal in any component’s design is to minimize its weight, maximize its durability, and increasing its life while keeping its overall life cycle costs low. As technology is progressing, UCAVs are gaining more and more prominence as jet powered UCAVs are already taking to skies presenting a myriad of challenges. This is especially true in the case of Landing gears as greater crashworthiness is required in high-speed high payload UCAVs. As jet powered UCAVs have a higher touchdown velocity and thus a higher chance of failure. In this research, a category of unmanned combat aerial vehicles was picked. In that category, a number of reference unmanned combat aerial vehicles were selected to extract the required parameters and dimensions of their main landing gears from literature review and analysis. The main landing gear was then modeled in CAD. Simultaneously loading conditions were defined and loads were determined. The equivalent von mises and maximum principal stresses were obtained from finite element analysis for multiple materials using the finite element package ANSYS. These results were then in turn used to calculate the factor of safety. Furthermore, an impact analysis was carried out in this crashworthiness study using Explicit Dynamics in LS DYNA for the same material. The stress formulations and deformations in impact were highly non-linear and more realistic and accurate than in static structural. The results were then validated.

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Purpose: Analysis of relationship between energy and growth offers the sustainable energy pathway for a country’s sustainable economic development. This study aims to focus on the evaluation of the Pakistan’s energy system using long-run energy alternative planning (LEAP) modeling framework through different growth scenarios. Design/methodology/approach: Principal component analysis has been adopted for indicators index formation. Study period of 1980 to 2030 is covered by forward and backward simulations in LEAP software. Findings: The study reveals that current energy policy does not have the potential to lead the country toward a desired goal of economic sustainability. Research limitations/implications: In falling off scenario, negative growth rate (-5 per cent) assumption is also debatable; LEAP shows an error in the analysis and takes the last positive available value for any further analysis as a default. This case could have been simply omitted from results but for research contribution, the computations for this case are also reported. Practical implications: Long-range energy alternative planning model has been applied to answer the corresponding question for simulation period of 1980 to 2030 to better compare the past trend and future expectations. Critical analysis of four selected scenarios (BAU, moderate, advanced and falling off) indicate that energy policy of Pakistan is poorly managed to maintain energy system’s effectiveness. Social implications: As far as statistical difference is concerned, early years have more fluctuation; however, from 2009, curve flattens for energy consumption and energy demand. The increasing demand of energy impacts the society and hence disturbs all sectors. Originality/value: Policymakers have been so dragged off from the main route to sustainability, despite all odds there is a huge unexplored potential in the country for use to move in step with the world for a better tomorrow. The study educates the policymakers to comprehend the future energy scenarios and make rational decisions based on the study outcomes.