Saïd El Kazzouli

Lung cancer (LC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, representing a major public health challenge. Although low-dose computed tomography is currently the standard screening method for high-risk individuals to reduce mortality, its clinical performance is limited by false-positive findings and restricted accessibility. Emerging biomarker-based liquid biopsy offers a promising non-invasive approach for cancer detection. This narrative review provides a critical overview and evaluation of clinically endorsed liquid biopsy applications for guiding treatment in advanced-stage lung cancer, as well as investigational advances in liquid biopsy for early cancer detection. We also address challenges of current liquid biopsy technologies, the integration of artificial intelligence, implementation improvements, and future perspectives for their adoption into routine clinical practice. To complement this narrative review, a structured search of the ClinicalTrials.gov registry was performed to identify clinical trials evaluating liquid biopsy in lung cancer. Current evidence supports the clinical use of liquid biopsy for molecular profiling and treatment selection in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whereas its application in early detection, screening, and minimal residual disease (MRD)-guided management remains investigational and requires further prospective validation. Overall, liquid biopsy represents a promising complementary approach to advance precision oncology and improve lung cancer management.

This study investigates direct arylation through C–H activation at the C-3 position of pyrazolo[4,3- b ]pyridines (4-azaindazole), imidazo[1,2- a ]pyridines, and 2 H -indazoles using DES as solvent.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has severely compromised the clinical utility of classical sulfonamide antibiotics, primarily owing to the emergence of resistance‐associated dihydropteroate synthase variants. In this study, sixteen N‐(1H‐indazolyl) aryl sulfonamide hybrids were evaluated as potential DHPS inhibitors against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using disk diffusion, broth microdilution (MIC ₈₀ ), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Active compounds were characterized by in silico ADME and toxicity profiling, with molecular docking performed against wild‐type DHPS and the sulfonamide‐resistant Sul1 variant. Antibacterial activity was species‐dependent: compound 4 showed the strongest activity against E. coli (MIC = 32 µg/mL), while compounds 11 and 16 were most potent against S. aureus (MIC = 32 µg/mL), outperforming sulfathiazole and sulfisoxazole. All hybrids showed superior docking affinities to sulfamethoxazole (SMX), with compound 11 showing the highest affinity for wild‐type DHPS (−7.79 kcal/mol); compound 4 retained favorable binding against Sul1 (−6.83 kcal/mol), suggesting potential resistance resilience. Structure–activity analysis showed antibacterial efficacy is governed by aryl sulfonyl electronic effects, steric balance at the C7 indazole position, and physicochemical properties affecting Gram‐negative membrane permeability. These findings support indazole–sulfonamide hybrids as promising scaffolds that may retain predicted binding complementarity toward the Sul1‐resistant DHPS variant, warranting validation against resistant isolates and purified DHPS enzymes.

This study reports the first example of regioselective palladium-catalyzed oxidative (het)arylation and oxidative alkenylation of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines using Pd(OAc)₂ as catalyst and Ag₂CO₃ as base. The method enables direct C3–H functionalization with alkenes, arenes, and (hetero)arenes, yielding diverse products in good to excellent yields. DFT calculations supported a concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanism, highlighting the role of electronic and steric factors in regioselectivity. This approach provides a step- and atom-economical route to polysubstituted imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines.

Thiophene chalcone derivatives are synthesized using green synthetic methods, which are compiled in this review. Chalcones and their derivatives possess a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological applications, which has led a lot of researchers to synthesize these compounds continuously, which in the process leads to the generation of a lot of waste that affects the environment. This is how environmentally friendly synthetic processes are used to reduce the use and production of hazardous organic materials. The main point of this review is to show the newest non-traditional ways that scientists and researchers have been able to make chalcones with sulfur heterocycles, specifically thiophene. The literature study on thiophene chalcone is valuable for researchers working on this heterocyclic compound synthesis, providing valuable information on green synthetic methods.

This study aimed to design novel 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives as potential anticancer agents that target topoisomerase II via a ligand-based drug design strategy. We developed a robust quantitative structure–activity relationship model via multiple linear regression, achieving a coefficient of determination ( R ² ) of 0.6991. External validation demonstrated high predictive ability, with Q ² (F1) and Q ² (F2) scores of 0.8683 and 0.8670, respectively, indicating substantial reliability in predicting the biological activity of new compounds. Our dataset includes 23 analogs of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives. The 2-dimensional structures of these compounds were drawn via ChemDraw 15.0 and optimized via density functional theory with the B3LYP hybrid functional approach via Spartan 14.1. Molecular descriptors were calculated via PaDEL software and further processed via Data Pretreatment Software V.WPS 1.2. The Kennard–Stone algorithm in the dataset division graphical user interface 1.2 split the dataset into training and test sets. Docking studies against the DNA topoisomerase II receptor (Protein Data Bank ID: 1ZXM) revealed substantial interactions, with all the newly designed ligands ( L1 to L5 ) exhibiting superior binding affinities (−9.3 to −8.9 kcal/mol) compared with the existing datasets and the standard drug bevacizumab (−6.0 kcal/mol). The pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed zero violations of Lipinski’s rule of five. Hence, further in-depth in vitro and in vivo investigations are recommended to validate these theoretical findings.

Cannabidiol (CBD), a major phytocannabinoid in Cannabis sativa, exhibits diverse therapeutic properties, as demonstrated by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. These properties include cardioprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects. This study describes the ultrasound-assisted extraction, isolation, and characterization of CBD as a major product from Moroccan Cannabis sativa resin. Petroleum ether–dichloromethane (PE-DI), methanol, and water were used as extracting solvents with increasing gradient polarities. The isolation of CBD was achieved through the successive normal silica and reversed-phase RP18 silica gel column chromatography of the PE-DI fraction (7:3). The characterization was conducted using the infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was assessed by the DPPH and FRAP assays. The total phenolic and total flavonoid content was measured with the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum trichloride methods, respectively.