Supawat Vivanpatarakij

This research aims at evaluating the performance of a combined system of biochar gasification and a sorption-enhanced water–gas shift reaction (SEWGS) for synthesis gas production. The effects of mangrove-derived biochar gasification temperature, pattern of combined gasification and SEWGS, amount of steam and CO₂ added as gasifying agent, and SEWGS temperature were studied in this work. The performances of the combined process were examined in terms of biochar conversion, gaseous product composition, and CO₂ emission. The results revealed that the hybrid SEWGS using one-body multi-functional material offered a greater amount of H₂ with a similar amount of CO₂ emissions when compared with separated sorbent/catalyst material. The gasification temperature of 900 °C provided the highest biochar conversion of ca. 98.7%. Synthesis gas production was found to depend upon the amount of water and CO₂ added and SEWGS temperature. Higher amounts of H₂ were observed when increasing the amount of water and the temperature of the SEWGS system.

The suitable ratio between swine manure and hyacinth for biogas production was considered. From Ratchaburi Province, the swine manure and hyacinth were taken from the pig farm and natural canal, respectively. For this study, mixing ratios between swine manure with hyacinth are 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0, considered by dry basis. The anaerobic digesters were studied total mixing volume 300 ml in 500 ml volumetric flask on shaker. Total dry substrate is 2 g every ratio, swine manure and hyacinth. And microbial inoculum from pig farm is 3 g (dry basis). The experimental results showed the proportion of 0:100 illustrate the maximum quantity of biogas accumulated equal 243.48 ml. And the ratio of 100:0 shows the minimum cumulative biogas volume equal 33.60 ml. The analysis of the gas production, the blend of swine manure per hyacinth has the highest percentage of methane ratio is 0:100 (CH₄=6.4%), and the lowest percentage is the ratio of 100:0 (CH₄=0.5 %). For carbon dioxide production, the highest percentage of carbon dioxide is ratio of 0:100 (CO₂=4.1 %) and the lowest is ratio 100:0 (CO₂=0.9 %). Percentage of methane to compare with total percentage of methane and carbon dioxide has the highest percentage is the ratio of 25:75 (CH₄=63.9 %), and the lowest percentage is the ratio of 100:0 (CH₄=35.7 %). The highest to compare the lowest, percentage of methane per total percentage of methane and carbon dioxide is percentage of methane ratio 25:75 more than ratio 100:0 is 1.79.

The study of biogas production was conducted to find effective fermentation which will enhance digester gas manufacturing system and reduce waste in military areas. Co-digester between food wastes with pig manure was studied. The experiment was divided into three proportions of food waste and manure based on dry matter mass. The first is 100:0 which contains 26 kg. of food waste. The second is 85:15 which was composed of 22 kg. of food per 4 kg. of pig manure. And the third is 70:30 which contains 18 kg. of food per 8 kg. of pig manure. Leavening agent for digester came from pig manure. The 21 day experiment was carried out to collect and analyze biogas samples. According to these results, the proportion 85:15 produced a large quantity of biogas which was 1,134 liters. Methane generation rate is increasing and hydrogen is also high as 32.26%. The heating reached the highest value at 1.491 MJ. or 3.189 times compared to the proportion 100:0 in the experimental temperature of 31-33 °C

Vapor emission in vertical fixed roof tank (VFRT) and internal floating roof tank (IFRT) of oil tanks was evaluated by emission estimation procedures. This report presents the results of a comparison of standing losses between actual data with calculation data in the fuel tanks of various sizes (using 2013 data from diameter 5 to 50 meter). The volatile oil, gasoline, gasohol (E10, E20) and ethanol in VFR and IFR was evaluated by Tank 4.0d, which is evaluated program. The program shown that the calculated evaporation was close to the emission actual data only oil tank that didn’t mix ethanol in VFRT. But the IFRT, the calculated evaporation data is not close to the emission actual data. Finally, financial analysis of the IFR installation in gasoline gasohol (E10, E20) tank shown the mostly of tank have value for investment criteria and comply with company rule.

The biodiesel (B100) production starting from the plantation, crushing mill and biodiesel plant can generate high amount of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission which is harmful to the global environment. To reduce the GHG emission, an efficient managing strategy of the entire production process must be introduced. This paper presents a case study of the GHG emission analysis in Trang, Krabi and Chumporn province in 2013. The entire year data of each activity such as amount of energy, fertilizer and herbicides used, main product, residues produced in oil palm plantation, milling and biodiesel plant were analyzed and calculated by the basis of Gate to Gate. The result shows that the production process in the plantation generates the GHG emission of-0.54 ton CO₂-eq /ton FFB while the GHG emitted from the crushing mill is at-2.89 ton CO₂-eq /ton RPO and from the biodiesel plant is at-2.30 kg CO₂-eq /liter B100.These calculated values show that the biodiesel production can alleviate the greenhouse effect. If the bio solid residues are used as a mixture for fertilizer and the wastewater is used to produce the biogas to generate electricity, the GHG emission can then be reduced.