Reddy Ravikanth

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma—currently known as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma—is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of mesenchymal origin. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is commonly located in the extremities, trunk, head, and neck in decreasing order of frequency. We report a case of primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the biceps femoris muscle in a 50-year-old man complicated by hemorrhage. Diagnostic workup included imaging, histopathology, and positive results on immunohistochemistry, especially CD68. High-grade liposarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma were regarded as differential diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Demonstration of spontaneous hemorrhage within the lesion on follow-up ultrasonography done at one month from the time of diagnosis deserves special mention in this report. Radical excision with tumor-free margins of the biceps femoris and tendon reconstruction were undertaken. MRI at six-month follow-up did not reveal tumor recurrence at the site of surgery and CT chest did not reveal metastases.

Neurol India is an peer-reviewed biomedical periodical of Neurological Society of India.

A true diverticulum is a congenital rare anomaly of the gallbladder and includes all 3 layers of the gallbladder wall. The ultrasound appearance of a true diverticulum of the gallbladder is typical and clinches the diagnosis. This case report describes a 44-year-old male with features of acute calculous cholangitis and a rare presentation of an incidentally detected true gallbladder diverticulum.

Hamartoma of the breast is a rare benign lesion that leads to unilateral breast enlargement with evidence of a localized palpable mass. Ultrasonography findings are typical and include a well-defined mass lesion of heterogeneous echotexture consisting of mixed echogenic and sonolucent areas. This case report describes a hamartoma of the breast in a 17-year-old female.

Radiation-induced sarcoma is an exceedingly rare entity associated with high morbidity and mortality even if radiation is received several years prior. Aggressive cancer surveillance following radiotherapy is essential for improving survival rates in patients with radiation-induced sarcoma. Surgical resection with negative margins is the most important factor affecting long-term survival. This case report describes secondary osteosarcoma of the distal third of the femur in a 32-year-old female following previous radiotherapy treatment for Ewing’s sarcoma.

Concomitant Hodgkin’s lymphoma with tuberculosis is an exceedingly rare clinical scenario and a condition that is difficult to manage due to similar clinical presentation. This case report describes the same in a 44-year-old male patient diagnosed with Koch’s and initiated on antituberculosis therapy, based on confirmation of findings from the spine biopsy and culture. The patient’s clinical condition worsened despite being on treatment for tuberculosis. Hence, further work up of the patient was done which included mediastinoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound. Biopsy samples from a conglomerate mass in the lower cervical region and mediastinum revealed Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the nodular sclerosis type. This time, the patient showed significant improvement following treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy along with antituberculosis therapy.

Vascular tumors constitute the most common primary tumors of the spleen. Splenic hamartoma and littoral cell angioma have been reported only in the spleen. Splenic hamartomas are rare benign vascular tumors which are incidentally detected during imaging and are seldom symptomatic. This case report describes a rare sonological appearance of splenic hamartoma in a 31-year-old female with occasional pain in the left hypochondrium.