Ömer Demir

Aim: This study aimed to look into how well ureteral jet flow can predict whether ureteral stones will pass naturally and to observe any changes in jet flow after treatment, with a focus on where the stones are located. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study with 50 adults who had acute renal colic and were found to have a single ureteral stone less than 10 mm through non-contrast CT scans. We used Doppler ultrasound before treatment and again between days 15 and 20 to measure jet frequency (JETfreq) and mean jet velocity (JETmean). We checked to see if the stones passed after 28 days. For analysis, we used paired tests, the Mann Whitney U test, and Pearson correlation. Results: After treatment, we saw significant increases in JETfreq and JETmean only in the obstructed ureter, which suggests some recovery. For stones located farther down the ureter, the jet measurements improved more than in those closer to the kidney. In total, 54% of patients passed their stones naturally. Those who did not had stones that were larger, covered a bigger area, and had higher Hounsfield Birimi HU values (p

Purpose: To investigate the effect of metformin use on recurrence and progression in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer patients (NMIBC). Material method: Patients who underwent primary transurethral bladder tumor resection between 2016 and 2020 were screened. Only patients with NMIBC were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the use of metformin and the groups were compared in terms of recurrence and progression. Results: According to inclusion criteria 176 NIMBC patients were included in the study. Metformin use was detected in 37 patients. The demographic characteristics and follow-up times of the patients were similar between the user and nonuser groups. Recurrence was detected in only 8.1% of the metformin user group. On the other hand, the recurrence rate was 32.4% in the nonuser group. There was no progression in the metformin user group. But in the non-user group progression rate was 8,6%. Conclusion: In our study, we found that recurrence and progression rates were lower in metformin-using patients. Prospective randomized trials are needed to understand the effects of metformin use on bladder cancer.

Background: Resistin is known as a potential mediator of obesity‐associated insulin resistance. The high resistin level disrupts nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated relaxation which is also important in erectile function. An antioxidant alkaloid, Boldine, is known as anti‐diabetic and protects endothelial functions.Objectives: We aimed to investigate resistin expression in penile tissue in the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and the effect of Boldine treatment on erectile functions in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) rat model.Materials and methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, MetS, and boldine treated MetS group. MetS parameters were assessed by serum triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), glucose, insulin levels, HOMA index, and waist circumference (WC)/tibia length (TL) ratio. To evaluate erectile functions, intracavernous pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratio was performed during cavernous nerve stimulation. Protein expressions of resistin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), p(S1177) eNOS, and insulin receptor‐β were evaluated by Western blotting.Results: TG, glucose, insulin levels, weight, WC/TL ratio, HOMA index and resistin expression in penile tissue were significantly increased and ICP/MAP values, and p (S1177) eNOS expression in penile tissue were decreased in MetS group. Boldine treatment enhanced ICP/MAP values, insulin receptor‐β and p(S1177) eNOS expressions compared with the MetS group.Discussion and Conclusion: MetS caused a deterioration in erectile function accompanied by an increase in resistin expression and a reduction in eNOS enzyme activation in the rat penile tissues. Boldine treatment resulted in an improvement in erectile function, independent of resistin expression.

Tr en Myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor which is generally detected incidentally. The tumor consists of mature fat tissue and hematopoietic cells that resemble bone marrow. The coexistence of myelolipoma and non-functional adrenocortical adenoma in the same gland is exceedingly rare. We herein present two cases of adrenal myelolipoma in association with non-functional adrenocortical adenoma in left adrenal gland of a 62-year-old woman and non-functional adrenocortical adenoma combined with myelolipoma and endothelial cyst, in right adrenal gland of a 73-years-old man. Microscopically, in the central of the tumor, there was a myelolipomatous area composed of adipocytes and hematopoietic cells surrounded by sheets of adenoma cells. The histopathological diagnosis was “myelolipomatous changes within a non-functional adrenocortical adenoma”. The cases are presented here with their rarity and pathological differential diagnosis. Myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor which is generally detected incidentally. The tumor consists of mature fat tissue and hematopoietic cells that resemble bone marrow. The coexistence of myelolipoma and non-functional adrenocortical adenoma in the same gland is exceedingly rare. We herein present two cases of adrenal myelolipoma in association with non-functional adrenocortical adenoma in left adrenal gland of a 62-year-old woman and non-functional adrenocortical adenoma combined with myelolipoma and endothelial cyst, in right adrenal gland of a 73-years-old man. Microscopically, in the central of the tumor, there was a myelolipomatous area composed of adipocytes and hematopoietic cells surrounded by sheets of adenoma cells. The histopathological diagnosis was “myelolipomatous changes within a non-functional adrenocortical adenoma”. The cases are presented here with their rarity and pathological differential diagnosis.