Astrilia Damayanti

Waste from tofu production contains high ammonia levels in the form of ammonium, which can pollute the environment when discharged without prior treatment. Using natural zeolite as an adsorbent in treating ammonium contained in tofu waste is expected to effectively reduce the ammonium content, as...

The world of the food industry is increasingly experiencing the development of various food products, but few products still avoid the emergence of cardiovascular diseases. So, many people are starting to adopt a healthy lifestyle by reducing the consumption of animal products and switching to plant-based products. The development of plant-based Yogurt not only provides healthier choices but also meets the needs of consumers who have special preferences or dietary needs. In addition to being low in fat, this Yogurt can be enriched with additional nutrients such as fiber, vegetable protein, and vitamins, which further increase its nutritional value. With the increasing awareness of healthy and environmentally friendly diets, plant-based Yogurt can be an attractive option for many consumers. The potential of high-protein plant-based Yogurt in Indonesia is quite large, considering the availability of ingredients such as ketapang seeds (Terminalia catappa), yellow pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata), or chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) can be used as an addition in Yogurt to add texture and nutrient content such as protein, fiber, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Indonesia has a tropical climate rich in exotic fruits, such as pineapples, bananas, oranges, papaya, mangoes, watermelons, and pomegranates. Apart from its abundant production, these fruits also have parts of the fruit that are rarely used, such as seeds and peels. The peel of exotic fruits can be used as an eco-enzyme because of its enzyme content. Eco-enzymes are a type of natural compound that can usually be extracted from fruit peel or waste. Eco-enzymes are vinegar made by fermenting food waste with sugar to form alcohol. This review focuses on the potential use of exotic fruit peels and the enzymes they contain, which are used as ecoenzymes. Eco-enzyme production reduces the accumulation of organic waste and has several other benefits, including cleaning floors, equipment, etc. Extensive research in the industrial sector must also be carried out to improve the nutritional and functional potential of the peel of this exotic fruit.

Sriwulan Village, located in Limbangan District, Kendal Regency, is home to both cattle farmers and several Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The village has a farmer group named Ngudi Kawruh, managing around 20 cows. However, cow dung in the area has become a source of air pollution, and the four MSMEs still rely on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for production. One effective solution to this issue is converting cow dung into biogas, which offers both environmental and economic benefits. This community service program aims to introduce appropriate technology for processing cow dung into biogas using biodigesters. The biogas is stored in portable containers, such as truck inner tires, while the biodigester output, in the form of slurry, is utilized as solid organic fertilizer. The program provides education on these concepts through posters, videos, demonstrations, and YouTube links to ensure broad community understanding. By implementing this technology, the program not only addresses environmental concerns and reduces dependence on LPG but also significantly enhances the economic potential of both the villagers and MSME entrepreneurs, promoting sustainable development.

The “Dewi Sri” Farmers Group is located in Terwidi Hamlet in Plalangan Village, Gunungpati, Semarang City, where part of the population raises various livestock, namely cows, goats and poultry. The problem that occurs is the accumulation of cow dung which causes environmental pollution. This service activity aims to overcome the buildup of livestock waste, especially cow manure by using it as organic fertilizer and then packaging it with an attractive design so that it has a high selling value. The methods used are preparation, socialization, and mentoring. The results obtained from this activity, the preparation/coordination stage with the head of KT Dewi Sri, the socialization stage in the form of an explanation of the innovative packaging design, and the mentoring stage in the form of the issuance of a Packaging Design Copyright by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property.

Rice bran oil (RBO) is a by-product of rice processing with a good fatty acid profile and high oxidative stability. This study aims to optimize the bleaching stage of the rice bran oil refining process to determine the minimum levels of carotenoids in RBO by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This research used the Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design with three variables: bleaching temperature (50, 80, 1100C), bleaching time (20, 40, 60 minutes), and activated carbon concentration (0.4, 0.8, 1.2%). As a result, the model was enhanced to explain the correlation of each variable and the different data variations. This study employed the Derringer method to determine the most optimal variable variation that produces the lowest carotene levels. This study found that the optimal carotene level was 4.87 mg/kg with an activated carbon concentration of 1.18%, temperature of 500C, and time of 53.155 minutes.

The availability of fossil energy is dwindling, so renewable fuels are the alternative choices, one of which is bioethanol. To increase the purity of the ethanol produced via the fermentation process, activated carbon (AC) was made from durian (Durio zibethinus) peel. The steps for making AC consist of carbonization (300 °C and 400 °C), chemical activation using phosphoric acid (10–40%), pyrolysis (700 °C and 800 °C), and neutralization. The results showed that the maximum surface area (326.72 m²/g) was obtained from 400 °C carbonization, 800 °C pyrolysis, and activation using a 40% phosphoric acid solution. Other characteristics are the surface area of 326.72 m²/g, pore radius of 1.04 nm, and total pore volume of 0.17 cc/g with phosphate residue in the form a P₂O₅ molecule of 3.47% by weight, with COOH, OH, CO, C=C, C=O, P-OC, and Fe-O groups with wavenumbers (cm⁻¹), respectively, of 3836, 3225, 2103, 1555, 1143, and 494. The AC also demonstrated the highest number of carbon (86.41%) upon detection using EDX, while XRF analysis verified an average carbon content of 94.45 wt%. The highest ethanol adsorption efficiency (%) and the lowest yield (%) of AC (%) were 90.01 ± 0.00 and 23.26 ± 0.01. This study shows that durian peel has great potential as the raw material for the activated carbon manufacture of ethanol adsorbents.