Svitlana Onyshchenko

The monograph “Environmental, Economic and Information Security of Ukraine in Cooperation with EU: Challenges and Perspectives” was prepared within the framework of the Jean Monnet Module “Ensuring environmental, economic and information security: EU experience for Ukraine” (101127395 – EEEISEUEU – ERASMUS-JMO-2023-HEI-TCH-RSCH). Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

The subsea CO2 transport pipelines, which are closely related to environmentally sound technology under Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17, are subjected to cyclic loading from ocean currents, wave-induced forces, internal pressure fluctuations, and start–stop operating cycles. In harsh marine environments, corrosion may reduce pipe-wall strength and create local defects that promote fatigue crack initiation. These cracks may subsequently propagate under cyclic loading, leading to structural failure. This study investigates the fatigue crack initiation life of corroded subsea steel pipelines for CO2 transportation using an integrated local strain–life (ɛ–N) framework. The framework combines nonlinear finite element analysis, the Coffin–Manson–Basquin relation, and the Smith–Watson–Topper mean-stress correction. The modeled pipeline has an outer diameter of 300 mm, a wall thickness of 20 mm, and a length of 1,800 mm, with API 5L X65 steel adopted as the pipeline material. Rectangular corrosion defects with varying depth, length, and width are considered, while the internal pressure ranges from 0 to 20 MPa. Fully reversed cyclic bending is applied with a stress ratio of R = −1. The finite element results are used to extract local stress–strain responses at the corrosion defect, which are then used to predict fatigue crack initiation life. The results show that corrosion defects produce pronounced strain localization, in contrast to the relatively uniform strain distribution in intact pipelines. Corrosion depth is the most critical geometric parameter because it directly reduces the effective wall thickness and increases the local cyclic strain amplitude. Corrosion length affects fatigue life through strain redistribution: short defects behave as severe strain concentrators, whereas longer defects reduce peak strain under displacement-controlled bending. Corrosion width has a secondary effect by modifying the circumferential constraint. Internal pressure further reduces fatigue life by introducing tensile membrane stress and a non-zero local mean stress. Overall, fatigue crack initiation in corroded subsea CO2 pipelines is governed by the coupled effects of thickness reduction, strain localization, circumferential constraint, and pressure-induced mean stress. These findings highlight the importance of local strain-based assessment for reliable pipeline integrity evaluation.

The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is transforming the role of human capital in value creation, generating both new developmental opportunities and substantial risks. This study addresses the following research question: how can human capital vulnerability to AI be systematically measured and compared across countries? The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for calculating the index for human capital vulnerability to AI and to validate it through cross-country comparative analysis to overcome analytical fragmentation in examining the consequences of AI diffusion. A human capital vulnerability to AI index is constructed as a composite indicator encompassing five interrelated dimensions: national technological readiness, human capital adaptability, institutional protective capacity, structural labour market vulnerability, and migration-related vulnerability. Twenty-four indicators are normalised using the min–max method; subindex weights are determined via principal component analysis. The framework is validated on a sample of six countries—Germany, France, Finland, Estonia, Poland, and Ukraine—selected through cluster analysis, drawing on data from the OECD, Eurostat, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, and Oxford Insights. Results reveal substantial cross-country heterogeneity, ranging from Finland’s low vulnerability, underpinned by strong institutional readiness, to Ukraine’s critical vulnerability, driven by compounded structural, institutional, labour market, and migration constraints, with Germany, France, Estonia, and Poland occupying intermediate positions shaped by labour market exposure, migration pressures, and limited technological readiness, respectively. The proposed methodology integrates the precision of multivariate statistical tools with conceptual rigour, enabling reliable and interpretable cross-country differentiation of human capital vulnerability under AI-driven transformation for forecasting labour market changes and shaping targeted retraining and social protection policies.

The Wells turbine is a key component in an Oscillating Water Column (OWC)-based ocean wave energy conversion system, yet its limited operating range due to leading-edge stall constrains overall system efficiency. This study presents an independent CFD benchmark of the performance of the Wells turbine with and without a passive flow control device, a stall fence, as investigated by Das and Samad (2020). Steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations using the SST k-ω turbulence model were performed in ANSYS CFX v22.1 by replicating the original geometry, boundary conditions, and mesh density for direct comparison. The reference turbine (eight NACA 0015 blades, solidity 0.64) and the configuration with a stall fence (fences at 40% and 80% span) were evaluated over a flow coefficient range of φ = 0.075-0.275. Grid independence study using quantitative (non-dimensional torque T*) and qualitative (tip-vortex topology) criteria resulted in the selection of a 3.5-million-element mesh. For the reference turbine, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.0% for T* and 3.1% for efficiency was obtained in the pre-stall range (φ ≤ 0.225), confirming strong numerical reproducibility. However, steady RANS failed to predict the stall onset for the reference configurations and overpredicted torque by up to 508% in the post-stall region. The stall point at φ = 0.250 was successfully reproduced with a deviation approaching zero, proving that the vorticity induced by the fence geometry enhances the reliability of RANS stall predictions. The pre-stall MAPE for the fence configuration was 4.4% for T*, slightly higher due to local vortex interactions around the fence. These findings establish steady RANS as a reliable design tool in the pre-stall range and demonstrate that passive fence stalls not only extend the turbine’s operating range but also improve the accuracy of CFD predictions. Keywords: Wells turbine, Stall fence, CFD benchmark, Steady RANS, Ocean wave energy conversion.

Purpose. To formalize mathematical approaches and models that can be effectively applied to key self-organization methods of information networks within economic entities, considering the estimated dependencies between operational parameters and controllable variables across various levels of the OSI model. Methodology. This research proposes an approach to modeling information infrastructure resilience based on the application of route optimization algorithms (Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford), Markov process theory, machine learning tools (SVM, neural networks), as well as entropic analysis and asymmetric encryption methods (RSA, ECC). The systematic approach is implemented through the analysis of interdependencies between the layers of the OSI network model to identify vulnerable segments and risk control points. Findings. Methods of self-organization of information networks have been developed that ensure early detection of anomalies, effective management of routing and data encryption, as well as adaptability to changes in the external environment and reduction of the risk of cyber-attacks. An information infrastructure protection architecture has been developed that covers seven levels of the OSI model, ensuring the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of data in the information networks of economic entities. Originality. This research proposes an approach to ensuring the resilience of information networks, distinguishing itself from existing methods by the coordinated application of mathematical, cryptographic, and cognitive methods within the context of the OSI network layer hierarchy. The expediency of incorporating entropic control as an indicator of system randomness and potential vulnerability has been substantiated. Practical value. The practical significance of this research lies in the applicability of its results in developing information and cybersecurity policies for economic entities. The proposed solutions contribute to strengthening not only information security but also financial and personnel security amidst digital transformation, as well as minimizing the consequences of cyber incidents.

In a nutshell, the box girder bending moment capacity is the sum of the bending moment capacity of each structural member. The main parameters affecting the box girder's longitudinal strength under pure bending moment and buckling are plate and column slenderness. Several methods have been proposed to assess the bending moment capacity of box girders. One method commonly known is the experiment method conducted by Nishihara using the 4-point bending method. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the effect of mesh convergence in Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on the experimental result. The finite element study has a principle similar to the experiment studies. The effect of the mesh convergence study is shown in the form of the error value towards the experimental result.

Purpose. Development of a technology for determining weighting coefficients based on an improved methodology to ensure the accuracy of determining the level of information security, taking into account its components. Methodology. The process of creating and conducting an experiment on the technology for determining weight coefficients of components of information security at the macro level is studied. The proposed technology utilizes two comprehensive assessments that consolidate information into a single score. One comprehensive indicator is based on considering the human factor, while the other excludes the human factor through the use of artificial intelligence. Arrays of resulting assessments are used to determine the level of information security, which allows improving the efficiency of the information security diagnostic process. Findings. The proposed technology, by utilizing a comprehensive indicator, demonstrates more effective diagnostic results, as determined by the standard deviation criterion. The integrated indicator that considers the human factor demonstrates a standard deviation value of 0.0195, while the comprehensive indicator without considering the human factor shows a value of 0.0047. Originality. The proposed technology differs from the existing ones by employing a comprehensive indicator that takes into account a six-digit interaction of integrated indicators, with weight coefficients determined using artificial intelligence tools. Practical value. The developed approach provides a more accurate result of integral assessment of the level of information security. This will allow the development of effective state instruments to enhance the level of information security, considering its current value, and to justify strategic directions for strengthening the state’s information security.

The monograph "Transformation of National Economies in Conditions of Instability" is dedicated to theoretical-methodological and practical approaches to addressing diverse and pressing challenges faced by key sectors of national economies under risks and threats of various scales and natures. The authors present innovative approaches and unique solutions for transforming the development of structural elements within socio-economic systems, with a particular focus on implementing advanced international experience and standards in the context of modern trends in the global economy. The book consists of nine chapters, each exploring significant aspects of current development challenges and offering forward-looking solutions of strategic importance. Strategic and legal aspects of digital transformation of the energy sector of Ukraine: focus on foreign economic policy This section of the monograph examines relevant and significant issues regarding the further development of Ukraine's energy system within the legal framework and considering long-term strategic development priorities. The authors analyze the achievements and shortcomings of the national strategy for the digital transformation of the energy sector, with particular emphasis on the Concept for the Implementation of Smart Grids until 2035. An in-depth analysis of gaps in the legislative framework is presented, and pathways to address them are proposed within the context of a unified roadmap for digital transformation. The focus is placed on the implementation of smart grid technologies and electronic guarantees of origin for electricity generated from renewable energy sources as key tools for adapting to EU policies and achieving European integration goals. The proposed solutions aim to stimulate investment inflow, improve the investment climate, and reduce Ukraine's dependence on fossil fuels. Formation of employer's image for representatives of Z generation in the retail sector in conditions of instability The study highlights the necessity of adapting employer branding strategies to the behavioral characteristics and expectations of Generation Z. On a macro level, this adaptation influences the competitiveness of the retail sector by improving workforce stability and reducing staff turnover. On a micro level, it facilitates the creation of a unique employer brand, enhances corporate culture, and increases employee satisfaction. The authors propose a systematic approach comprising three stages: analysis of the current situation, development of the desired employer brand image, and implementation of the strategy through updates to the brand book, communication tools, and value propositions. The study emphasizes the importance of digital communication platforms (such as Instagram, TikTok, LinkedIn, etc.) and personalized offerings, which are particularly relevant for Generation Z. Synergy of digital technologies and green development and their impact on achieving a sustainable environment in the conditions of instability The study focuses on an in-depth assessment of the role and significance of digital technologies in advancing the strategy of sustainable green development. Particular attention is paid to the impact of digitalization on improving energy efficiency, reducing emissions, and implementing circular economy models. The authors analyze positive international practices, including the use of sensor networks and IoT systems for resource monitoring, waste management, and energy consumption optimization. Examples of successful solutions, such as smart cities and digital carbon credit markets, are provided. The authors propose theoretical models and practical recommendations for integrating digital technologies into green management strategies, which is particularly critical in the context of instability caused by climate change and economic challenges. Project management within the national economy in turbulent conditions This section of the monograph addresses the implementation of project management at the macro level, highlighting it as a key element in ensuring the resilience of Ukraine's national economy during times of crisis. Particular attention is given to the establishment of clusters, specifically "agriculture – food industry," in the context of their role and significance in stimulating effective regional development. Methodological approaches for developing project management standards and strategies, including the use of the PMBOK framework, are proposed. Practical solutions are offered to support small and medium-sized enterprises, create conditions for business clustering, and overcome economic instability through innovative state projects with practical applicability. Universities as regional leaders for sustainable energy and climate EU-harmonized policies The study is dedicated to an in-depth examination of the role of universities in implementing sustainable energy and climate policies harmonized with European Union standards. Using the example of a tri-directional strategy piloted at the Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, the research demonstrates the integration of a demonstration solar power plant, the development of an information and measurement system for monitoring energy consumption and indoor climate, and institutional efforts embodied in the university's Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan. The authors emphasize the importance of integrating universities into regional projects aimed at reducing carbon footprints and improving energy efficiency, showcasing this as an example of successful harmonization of national policies with the strategic objectives of the EU. Digital transformation of the national economy in the context of information environment development in Ukraine This section of the monograph examines trends in the digital transformation of economic systems in the EU and Ukraine, focusing on the evolving information environment. The...