Hamid Nasri

The article presents a study with a qualitative, descriptive, and analytical approach, based on a systematic review of scientific literature on the relationship between digital technology and mental health. To this end, academic articles, reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2015 and 2026 were collected from recognized databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, prioritizing updated sources with scientific rigor. Studies addressing variables such as social media, artificial intelligence, digital interventions, and risk factors across different population groups (children, adolescents, adults, and older adults) were included, while non-academic or redundant sources were excluded. The information was analyzed through thematic categorization, organized into three main axes: global trends, risk factors, and intervention strategies, allowing the integration of findings from an interdisciplinary approach combining psychology, public health, and technology. Regarding the results, digital technology is shown to have an ambivalent impact on mental health. On one hand, it improves access to information and services, fosters support for communities, and enables more accessible, personalized, and continuous interventions. On the other hand, excessive use is associated with problems such as anxiety, depression, and stress, particularly due to the influence of social media, social comparison, cyberbullying, and digital dependency. Negative effects on habits such as sleep and interpersonal relationships are also identified. The results highlight that the impact varies depending on factors such as age and context, with young people being more vulnerable but also the primary beneficiaries of well-designed digital interventions.

Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are central drivers of calcium oxalate kidney stone pathogenesis by promoting renal tubular epithelial cell injury, inflammation, cell death, and extracellular matrix remodeling, which collectively create a renal environment conducive to crystal deposition, retention, and stone growth. Targeting oxidative stress pathways with antioxidants and modulators of ROS production presents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention to prevent kidney stone recurrence and progression. This insights from molecular, cellular, and pathophysiological studies showing that calcium oxalate crystals set off a cascade of oxidative and inflammatory events that culminate in kidney stone formation, and also accentuates the importance of maintaining redox balance and renal cellular health in mitigating the burden of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

Background/Aim: Metastatic breast cancer remains a major clinical challenge despite the availability of various chemotherapeutic agents. Current metabolic inhibitors have limitations, prompting the need for innovative strategies that selectively target tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. This study aimed to propose a novel approach focused on depriving tumor cells of glucose while ensuring nutrient delivery to normal cells. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. The proposed strategy involved focusing on studies that deplete glycogen stores in normal tissues through prolonged fasting, followed by administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) enriched with essential ingredients encapsulated in specialized liposomes. Three liposomal strategies were outlined: 1-pH-sensitive copolymer coating: liposomes coated with polyethylene glycol-poly-L-histidine (PEG-PLH) selectively release contents in normal tissues by binding glucose transporters (GLUTs) while avoiding tumor cell GLUTs. 2-Superhydrophobic fluorinated compounds: conjugation with trastuzumab targets HER2 ligands on tumor cells, preventing liposome accumulation in tumors. 3-Superhydrophobic Zwitterionic modifications: these create a hydration layer around liposomes, preventing passage through capillary walls and reducing tumor tissue accumulation. Results: The strategies were designed to selectively reduce glucose availability to tumor cells while preserving normal cellular metabolism. The proposed liposomal modifications theoretically enhance targeted delivery and minimize off-target effects, providing a novel framework for metabolic therapy in metastatic breast cancer. Conclusion: This novel glucose-targeted liposomal approach shows potential to improve therapeutic specificity and efficacy in metastatic breast cancer. Further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are warranted to validate its effectiveness and explore applicability to other solid tumors.

The dengue virus is the cause of dengue fever, a disease that is prevalent in many regions around the world. Dengue fever is a significant public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. The virus has four distinct serotypes and is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes, which can result in potentially fatal infections. There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for this disease; management mainly involves supportive care for those experiencing symptoms. Therefore, prevention is one of the most effective strategies for controlling this infection. The most effective measure for preventing the disease is vaccination. In recent years, substantial efforts have been made to develop a vaccine effective against all four serotypes of the virus. To date, only one vaccine has been approved, while several others are in phase II and III clinical trials to confirm their efficacy. The development of a dengue vaccine faces several challenges, such as the need for effectiveness against all serotypes, issues related to antibody-dependent enhancement, cross-reactive immune responses, and age-related efficacy limitations. This paper examines the key strategies for vaccine development and the latest advancements in creating an effective dengue vaccine.

Introduction: Kidney failure, a critical global health issue, has shown varying trends in incidence across different regions over the past five years. Objectives: This ecological analysis examines data from the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) to identify the trend pattern of kidney failure incidence between 2019 and 2023 across the world. Methods: This ecological study was conducted to evaluate kidney failure incidence across 78 countries over a five-year period (2019–2023) using data from the ISN Global Kidney Health Atlas (GKHA). Data were sourced from the ISN-GKHA website and included information for 78 countries across 10 global regions. The analysis involved extracting datasets from 2019 and 2023 to calculate changes in kidney failure incidence, identifying regional and global trends. Results: The results indicated that high-income countries exhibited varying trends in kidney failure incidence. For instance, Taiwan, Korea, and Chile experienced significant increases, whereas the Czech Republic and Panama recorded decreases. In middle-income countries, the patterns were mixed; Indonesia, Mexico, and Tunisia show marked rises, while Ecuador and El Salvador reported notable declines. Meanwhile, countries like Bahrain, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, and South Africa demonstrated stable rates, potentially reflecting steady healthcare systems or reliable data collection practices. Conclusion: The incidence of kidney failure across countries revealed diverse trends influenced by income levels and healthcare systems. High-income countries demonstrated variability, with significant increases in Taiwan, Korea, and Chile, contrasted by declines in the Czech Republic and Panama. Middle-income nations exhibited mixed patterns, as Indonesia, Mexico, and Tunisia reported rising rates, while Ecuador and El Salvador experienced declines. The stability observed in countries such as Bahrain, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, and South Africa suggests consistent healthcare infrastructure or effective data collection practices. Registration: This study has been compiled based on data from the ISN-GKHA website, and its protocol was registered on the research registry (UIN: researchregistry11142) website (https://gkha.theisn.org/).

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most frequent primary glomerulonephritis throughout world and a leading cause of chronic renal failure across with end-stage kidney failure. Proteinuria, as a hallmark of IgAN, is a key driver of disease progression and a strong predictor of poor renal outcome. Despite current standard therapies, including RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) blockade with ACEIs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) or ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers), many patients continue to experience persistent proteinuria and progressive kidney function decline. This condition emphasizes the need for more effective and targeted treatment strategies. The endothelin pathway, particularly endothelin-1 signaling promotes vasoconstriction, inflammation, and fibrosis, contributing to podocyte dysfunction and renal damage. Endothelin A receptor antagonists demonstrate renoprotective properties through various mechanisms in IgAN. By selectively blocking endothelin A receptors, these agents can improve glomerular hemodynamics by reducing intraglomerular pressure, thereby alleviating the damage caused by excessive pressure and promoting an improved renal environment. This blockade leads to decreased proteinuria, as a crucial factor in the progression of the disease. Furthermore, endothelin A receptor antagonists can also mitigate inflammatory pathways that are activated in response to endothelin-1, reducing renal inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. The efficacy of endothelin A receptor antagonists in the treatment of IgAN has been substantiated by numerous clinical trials. In particular, atrasentan, a specific endothelin-A receptor antagonist, has shown significant promise in reducing proteinuria compared to placebo.

The Oxford classification for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) does not currently include thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) as a parameter, despite evidence that TMA can occur in IgAN patients and impact outcomes. Prior studies have found that a significant proportion of IgAN patients have histological evidence of TMA, either acute or organized, in their renal biopsies. Moreover, patients with TMA lesions in IgAN tend to have worse outcomes, including a greater percentage of sclerotic glomeruli, more tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and higher rates of doubling of serum creatinine or progression to end-stage renal disease compared to IgAN patients without TMA. Other researchers have suggested that TMA in IgAN is commonly located in the advanced steps of the disease and may be accompanying by severe hypertension and proteinuria. However, the Oxford system does not include TMA as a parameter. Therefore, further investigations are required to determine the clinical significance and optimal management of TMA in IgAN individuals. Renal arteriolar microangiopathic lesions can occur in immunoglobulin A nephropathy, but their role in disease progression has been unclear. Furthermore, the main limitation of the MEST-C classification is that it does not currently account for the presence and impact of TMA in IgAN, despite evidence that TMA is a common and clinically relevant histological finding in these patients.

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is a prevalent form of cancer globally, and its occurrence has been on the rise in recent times. The human development index (HDI) is a comprehensive indicator of social and economic progress, which has been linked to both the occurrence and mortality rates of cancer. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of thyroid cancer incidence and mortality with the HDI. Materials and Methods: This ecological study was conducted to investigate thyroid cancer incidence and mortality according to the HDI based on extracted data from the GLOBOCAN project in 2020. To illustrate the distribution of thyroid cancer incidence and mortality by HDI in world countries, the scatter plot and variance analysis model were conducted. Results: Results showed that most thyroid cancer deaths and new cases occurred in women. The distribution of thyroid cancer incidence among the HDI classification regions was statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that the incidence of thyroid cancer is influenced by socioeconomic development, with more developed countries having higher incidence rates; however, the mortality rate does not appear to be significantly affected by the HDI.