Ewa Domaradzka

This study presents the Polish adaptation and validation of the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS), a measure of emotional connection with nature. Using quota sampling, we recruited 1038 participants matching the Polish population structure in terms of gender, age (range: 18–65), education, and the size of place of residence. Participants completed the CNS and related measures. A 7-item version presented a better fit than the original 14-item scale. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure and high internal consistency ( α = 0.93, ω _t = 0.94). Construct validity was established through positive correlations with Biophilia, Nature Relatedness, and dimensions of the AIMES connection to nature scale, and negative correlations with the materialism and human power scales. Individuals with higher CNS scores reported more pro-environmental behaviours, greater nature exposure, higher psychological well-being, and lower psychological distress. Test–retest reliability over four weeks was high. Finally, age (but not other demographic variables) was positively related to CNS scores. The Polish CNS-7 is a valid tool that can be used in research and practice to explore and promote the benefits of connecting with nature.

Effectively leading and managing volunteers and other stakeholders during a crisis is crucial, especially in the absence of specialized procedures or institutional frameworks. This scenario was evident in the establishment of reception points in Poland in the initial weeks following the Russian aggression on Ukraine in February 2022. The exigency demanded a specific leadership and management approach that evolved in response to urgent needs, widespread volunteer participation, and the absence of dedicated structures. Our theoretical contribution focuses on proposing a typology for emergent leaders and formally appointed coordinators, drawing insights from two case studies. These results confirm and supplement the existing leadership and volunteering theories but also contribute to the evolving field of emergent leadership research. The analysis holds practical significance by shedding light on the potential and limitations of citizen‐led aid processes often deliberated in nonprofit and deinstitutionalization literature. By emphasizing distinctions in management and leadership styles and objectives, we also address their strengths and shortcomings at different stages of crisis management.

This paper explores the challenges related to implementation of wearable sensors in the context of smart cities, particularly in the domains of health and wellbeing. Such sensors are increasingly used in clinical and public-health interventions, for early symptom identification, performance alerts, and realtime monitoring. While opportunities and benefits presented by wearable technologies are relatively wellknown, this paper's goal is to highlight risks and challenges related to their implementation. Based on the existing literature and lessons learned from EU-funded projects in which smartbands are used to collect healthrelated data, we share insights from integrating wearable sensors into the smart city fabric.

This paper aims to expand the current debate concerning the implementation of health-related innovations by employing the rights-based approach. Specifically, we address the challenges related to the implementation of technological and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) from the right to the city perspective. As a result, we present a comprehensive Civil City Framework that involves the synergic use of ICT tools and participation models to mobilize grassroots potential for building healthier cities, while ensuring equity and respect for diverse needs. We explain the participatory and technological aspects of implementing and monitoring innovative NBS, involving data gathering through environmental sensors, personal wristbands, and smartphone apps. Finally, we highlight opportunities and challenges stemming from the use of health- and environment-monitoring technologies. To build such a vision one needs to reconceive the city as commons, enabling collective action of city residents and cooperation between different local stakeholders. This can be achieved by embedding a pentahelix approach of multi-governance in urban planning, based on a close interaction between five key stakeholders, including public authorities, industry and business sector, academia, civil society organizations, and individual citizens.

Although anxiety and depression are treated as separate conditions, the literature concerning their affective functioning is inconclusive. To address this issue, we analyzed types of anxiety (arousal and apprehension) and depression (valence and anhedonic). We hypothesized that the similarities and differences in the structure of affect would be related to the specific structural components and functions (reactive or regulative) of the types. We assessed the valence (negative and positive affect) and content (specific emotions) of affect by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Expanded Form (PANAS-X) in 1,632 participants from a general population. Regression analyses showed that the anxiety and depression types (measured by Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire) can be differentiated by the content of affect, but not its valence: Fear was characteristic for anxiety, especially the arousal anxiety. Valence depression was primarily related to hostility, while anhedonic depression was predicted by sadness, guilt, and lowered joviality. Moreover, as expected, regulative emotions (e.g., joviality) were stronger predictors of the regulative apprehension anxiety and anhedonic depression, while the more reactive fear was more strongly related to the reactive arousal anxiety than to regulative apprehension anxiety. These results confirm that the structure of affect is related to the structure and functions of anxiety and depression types.

The identification of distinctive and overlapping features of anxiety and depression remains an important scientific problem. Currently, the literature does not allow to determine stable similarities and differences in the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) in anxiety and depression, especially concerning the adaptive strategies. Consequently, the aim of this study was to identify the overlapping and distinctive patterns of CERS use in the recently proposed types of anxiety and depression in a general population. In this dimensional approach, types of anxiety and depression are considered as personality types and distinguished based on their specific structural composition and functional role (reactive or regulative) in stimulation processing. 1,632 participants from a representative sample completed the Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (measuring the Arousal and Apprehension Types of anxiety and the Valence and Anhedonic Types of depression) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Regression analyses were conducted with the affective types as predictors. The co-occurrence of the types was accounted for in order to examine their independent relationships with the CERS. We found that reactive arousal anxiety was not related to any strategies, while regulative apprehension anxiety primarily predicted the use of rumination, which is presumably related to the type's cognitive structural components. The strategy specific to reactive valence depression was other-blame (as predicted by the high negative affect in its structure), and the regulative, most structurally complex anhedonic depression predicted the use of the largest number of strategies, including the adaptive ones. The relationships between the types of depression and self-blame and refocus on planning were moderated by sex but the effects were small. These findings fit into the current trend of exploring the shared and specific features of anxiety and depression, which might facilitate their differentiation by identifying CERS that are characteristic for the specific types. This information can be used for supporting diagnosis and targeting selected strategies in therapy both in clinical and non-clinical populations.