Elodie Speyer

Contexte. De nombreuses études épidémiologiques se sont intéressées à l'étude de la relation activité physique et qualité de vie, que se soit en population générale ou chez des sujets atteints de maladie chronique. Cependant, ces études ont principalement été menées chez les adultes et très peu d'entre elles ont étudié cette relation lorsque l'activité physique était pratiquée au cours d'une hospitalisation. Objectif. L'objectif général était d'approfondir les connaissances sur la relation activité physique et qualité de vie liée à la santé chez les enfants et adolescents en population générale et en milieu hospitalier.Méthode. Nous avons répondu à cet objectif général au travers de trois programmes de recherche. Tout d'abord, grâce aux données d'inclusion de l'essai REGUL'APS mené en septembre 2005, essai randomisé en grappe chez des enfants scolarisés du CE1 au CM2 en région Lorraine. Ensuite, en utilisant les données de l?étude APOP (Activités Physiques en Population Pédiatrique), essai randomisé en cross-over répliqué, chez des enfants âgés de 5 à 18 ans, atteints d'un cancer et hospitalisés dans le cadre de leur traitement dans le service de Médecine Infantile II (hémato-oncologie/ immunologie) de l'Hôpital d'Enfants du CHU de Nancy. Enfin, nous avons mis en place l'essai Activ'Hop, dans le but d'étudier cette relation chez les enfants hospitalisés dans d'autres services hospitaliers de l'hôpital d'Enfant de Nancy, tels que les services de Médecine Infantile I et III (pédiatrie générale, génétique) et de Chirurgie Orthopédique/Brûlés. Résultats. Nos résultats reflètent qu'une pratique d'activité physique élevée est associée à une meilleure qualité de vie liée à la santé chez les enfants scolarisés en école primaire. En particulier, les garçons présentent une meilleure qualité de vie lorsqu'ils pratiquent une plus grande variété d'activités physiques. Les résultats d'APOP montrent qu'une pratique d'activité physique adaptée durant l'hospitalisation améliore la qualité de vie liée à la santé des enfants atteints d'un cancer dans la plupart des dimensions physique et psychologique. En ce qui concerne l'essai Activ'hop, dont sa mise en place est présentée et discutée dans le manuscrit, les enfants sont actuellement en cours d'inclusion.Conclusion. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons confirmé l'impact positif à court terme qu'une pratique d'activité physique sur la qualité de vie des enfants et adolescents, qu'elle se fasse dans la vie de tous les jours ou au cours d'une hospitalisation. Aussi, il est nécessaire de maintenir ou de développer les moyens mis en place pour que les enfants et adolescents puissent faire de l'activité physique et ce quelque soit leur état de santé et/ou leur condition de vie

Background and objectives: Late stages of CKD are characterized by significant symptom burden. This study aimed to identify subgroups within the 5-year trajectories of symptom evolution in patients with CKD and to describe associated patient characteristics and outcomes. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: Among 2787 participants (66% men) with eGFR 2 enrolled in the CKD–Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (CKD-REIN) cohort study from July 2013 to May 2016, we assessed symptoms annually using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36) questionnaire until December 2020. A total of 9121 measures were reported over follow-up; all participants had symptoms scored for at least one time point. We used a joint latent class-mixed model to distinguish profiles of symptom trajectories. Results: Patient mean age (±SD) at baseline was 67±13 years, and mean eGFR was 33±13 ml/min per 1.73 m². The prevalence of each symptom ranged from 24% (chest pain) to 83% (fatigue), and 98% of participants reported at least one symptom. After a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.3 (3.4–6.0) years, 690 participants initiated KRT, and 490 died before KRT. We identified two profiles of symptom trajectories: a “worse symptom score and worsening trajectory” in 31% of participants, characterized by a low initial symptom score that worsened more than ten points over time, and a “better symptom score and stable trajectory” in 69% of participants, characterized by a high initial score that remained stable. Participants in the worse symptom score and worsening trajectory group had more risk factors for CKD progression at baseline, worse quality of life, and a higher risk of KRT and death before KRT than other participants. Conclusions: This study highlights a significant worsening of symptoms in about one third of the participants, whereas the majority reported low symptom severity throughout the study.

To be able to assess the impact of the bundled payment system on real-life management of patients with chronic kidney disease, an overview of patient-care management before its implementation is needed. We describe patterns of nephrology care over 3 years in 2835 patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease, who were followed-up from 2013 to 2019 in the CKD-REIN cohort study. Compliance with health authority guidelines during this period is also studied. At baseline, patients' mean age was 67 years, 65% were men, and 43% had chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5. The mean number of nephrology visits increased from 1.1 to 2.7 per year, from chronic kidney disease stage 3A to stage 5. The minimum number of nephrology visits as recommended by health authorities was achieved in 84%, 63%, and 33% of patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3B, 4, and 5, respectively. In chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5, only 34% and 40% of patients had seen a dietitian, and 33% and 54% had received information about treatment options, respectively. The average waiting time for a first appointment with a nephrologist was longer, 60 days and its duration shorter, 30 vs 38 to 40 minutes, in university hospitals compared with non-university hospitals and private clinics. The significant gap between received and recommended care reflects human resources and organizational limits in chronic kidney disease management in the nephrology setting. Improvements with bundled payment are expected.

Iron deficiency (ID) is a common condition in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD) patients that is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. However, the effect of ID on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in this population is unknown. We analyzed data from a multinational cohort of NDD-CKD Stages 3–5 patients to test the association between transferrin saturation (TSAT) index and ferritin with HRQoL. Patients from Brazil (n = 205), France (n = 2015) and the USA (n = 293) in the Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (CKDopps, 2013–2019) were included. We evaluated the association of TSAT and ferritin (and functional and absolute ID, defined as TSAT ≤20% and ferritin ≥300 or <50 ng/mL) on pre-specified HRQoL measures, including the 36-item Kidney Disease Quality of Life physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) as the primary outcomes. Models were adjusted for confounders including hemoglobin (Hb). TSAT ≤15% and ferritin <50 ng/mL and ≥300 ng/mL were associated with worse PCS scores, but not with MCS. Patients with composite TSAT ≤20% and ferritin <50 or ≥300 ng/mL had lower functional status and worse PCS scores than those with a TSAT of 20–30% and ferritin 50–299 ng/mL. Patients with a lower TSAT were less likely to perform intense physical activity. Adjustment for Hb only slightly attenuated the observed effects. Low TSAT levels, as well as both low TSAT with low ferritin and low TSAT with high ferritin, are associated with worse physical HRQoL in NDD-CKD patients, even after accounting for Hb level. Interventional studies of iron therapy on HRQoL among NDD-CKD individuals are needed to confirm these findings.

The Family Relationship Index (FRI) measures family cohesion, expressiveness and conflict. This study aimed to investigate its reliability and validity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on 1657 patients and on subgroups according to socio-demographics and medical variables. Two items with poor saturation were excluded. The indexes indicated an acceptable fit. Reliability was especially weak for expressiveness. Our results provide partial support for the use of the French-version of the FRI in patients with advanced CKD. The family relationship index should be used with caution, especially in certain subgroups and for the expressiveness subscale.

Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CIA) is a serious adverse event that affects 20–40% of exposed patients, despite any implemented precaution to avoid it. The aim of this work was therefore to identify a relevant nephroprotective method for CIA.

Background and objectives: Among patients on hemodialysis, pruritus has been associated with poorer mental and physical quality of life, sleep quality, depression, and mortality. We evaluated patients with nondialysis CKD to describe the prevalence of pruritus, identify associated factors, and investigate associations with patient-reported outcomes. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: Using cross-sectional data from patient questionnaires in the CKD Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (CKDopps), we asked patients with CKD stages 3–5 (nondialysis) from the United States, Brazil, and France to identify how much they were bothered by pruritus. Response options ranged from “not at all” to “extremely.” Log-Poisson regression, yielding prevalence ratios, was used to evaluate associations of moderate-to-extreme pruritus with patient characteristics, CKD stage, self-reported depression symptoms, and restless sleep. Mixed linear regression was used to examine associations between pruritus and physical and mental component summary scores, with lower scores indicating poorer quality of life. Results: Of the 5658 CKDopps patients enrolled in the United States, Brazil, and France, 3780 (67%) answered the pruritus question. The prevalence of moderate-to-extreme pruritus was 24%, and more likely in older patients, women, and those with stage 5 CKD, lung disease, diabetes, and physician-diagnosed depression. In adjusted models, patients with moderate pruritus had physical and mental component summary scores 3.5 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], −4.6 to −2.3) and 2.3 (95% CI, −3.2 to −1.5) points lower, respectively, than patients without pruritus, and they also had a higher adjusted prevalence of patient-reported depression (prevalence ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.58 to 2.11) and restless sleep (prevalence ratio, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49 to 1.91) compared with patients without pruritus. These patient-reported outcomes were progressively worse with increasing severity of pruritus. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate high prevalence of pruritus in nondialysis CKD, as well as strong associations of pruritus with poor health-related quality of life, self-reported depression symptoms, and self-reported poor sleep.