Chong Liu

Solid-phase passivation offers greater potential for enhancing the device performance of large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unlike their solution-processed counterparts, solid-phase passivation is readily scalable to commercialized size, exhibits reduced solvent dependence, and permits a broader selection of passivating agents. Here, we develop a laminator-assisted solid-phase surface passivation strategy for large-area devices. The passivator, 1-naphthylmethylamine iodide (NMAI), effectively passivates surface Pb2+ and I– defects, substantially suppressing nonradiative carrier recombination. As a result, the open-circuit voltage (VOC) is increased from 1.10 to 1.18 V, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs is improved from 23.05 to 25.27% with the solid-phase passivation of NMAI. The optimized PSCs also exhibited remarkable stability, with the encapsulated PSCs retaining 89% of their initial efficiency after 900 h of storage under harsh conditions (85 °C and 85% RH). Furthermore, a perovskite solar module with an aperture area of 21 cm2 achieves a PCE of 21.44%. This work demonstrates that the solid-phase passivation strategy offers a scalable and solvent-independent route toward commercial photovoltaic modules.

Coupling in situ monitoring with supersaturation-rate calculations, we employ a facile solvent-engineering strategy to balance supersaturation rate and coordination capability, enabling 25.38% PSCs (0.09 cm ² ) and a 23.22% mini-module (21.84 cm ² ).

Carbon electrodes effectively address halogen corrosion issues in perovskite devices; however, challenges such as energy level mismatching and solvent corrosion limit their direct application in p-i-n perovskite photovoltaic devices. In this study, a C₆₀/SnO_X bilayer was introduced to mitigate solvent corrosion during the fabrication of carbon electrodes. By tailoring the C₆₀/SnO_X bilayer, the device performance was significantly enhanced through the formation of a hierarchical energy-level interface. This optimization enabled more efficient charge transport and reduced recombination losses, resulting in a record-breaking efficiency of 21.1% for p-i-n carbon-electrode perovskite photovoltaic cells(CE-PPCs), marking the highest reported efficiency for this device architecture. The device also demonstrates excellent performance under indoor light conditions, with an efficiency of 35.6%. This method also demonstrates excellent scalability, enabling the production of high-performance modules with an aperture area of approximately 20 cm². The modules achieve an efficiency of 15.1% under 1 sun illumination and 26.3% under indoor lighting conditions. The module also exhibited excellent stability, retaining 96.82% of its initial efficiency after 2218 h of damp-heat aging (85% relative humidity, 85 °C). Under continuous 1 sun illumination at 73 °C in an open-circuit state, the module's efficiency increased to 104.3% after 347 h, whereas devices with Ag electrodes exhibited severe degradation, failing within 96 h.

The addition of organic cationic iodides to form low-dimensional perovskite is an essential strategy for defect passivation in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Specially, the 2D/3D perovskite structure can combine the stability of 2D perovskite and the high charge transport performance of 3D perovskite. Here, we introduced phenylammonium hydroiodide salts with different alkyl chain lengths into PSCs precursor solution to research the influence on formation of perovskite thin films and the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. As a result, the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs was increased to 22.68% by incorporation of the organic cation phenylpropyl ammonium iodide (PPAI) with the best alkyl chain length. We further fabricated the perovskite solar modules (PSMs) with an aperture area of 21 cm², achieving an impressive efficiency of 21.65% with excellent stability that maintaining 89% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h of maximum power point tracking.

Gas quenching and vacuum quenching process are widely applied to accelerate solvent volatilization to induce nucleation of perovskites in blade-coating method. In this work, we found these two pre-crystallization processes lead to different order of crystallization dynamics within the perovskite thin film, resulting in the differences of additive distribution. We then tailor-designed an additive molecule named 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiourea to obtain films with fewer defects and holes at the buried interface, and prepared perovskite solar cells with a certified efficiency of 23.75%. Furthermore, this work also demonstrates an efficiency of 20.18% for the large-area perovskite solar module (PSM) with an aperture area of 60.84 cm². The PSM possesses remarkable continuous operation stability for maximum power point tracking of T₉₀ > 1000 h in ambient air.

A one-step dual-additive strategy enables high-quality wide-bandgap perovskite films with efficient defect passivation, resulting in a certified record PCE of 44.72%, with a high V_oc of 1.069 V, and an FF of 82.3% under U30 light.

The wide-band-gap inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskitematerialprovides a highly matched absorption range with the indoor light spectrumand is expected to be used in the fabrication of highly efficientindoor photovoltaic cells (IPVs) and self-powered low-power Internetof Things (IoT) sensors. However, the defects that cause nonradiativerecombination and ion migration are assumed to form leakage loss channels,resulting in a severe impact on the open-circuit voltage (V (OC)) and the fill factor (FF) of IPVs. Herein,we introduce poly-(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with multiple passivationsites to fully repair the leakage channels in the devices, takinginto account the characteristics of IPVs that are extremely sensitiveto nonradiative recombination and shunt resistance. The as-optimizedIPVs demonstrate a promising PCE of 35.71% under a fluorescent lightsource (1000 lux), with V (OC) increasedfrom 0.99 to 1.06 V and FF improved from 75.21 to 84.39%. The presentwork provides insight into the photovoltaic mechanism of perovskitesunder full sun and indoor light, which provides guidance for perovskitephotovoltaic technology with industrialization prospects.

A FA⁺ replenishment strategy was employed to induce second growth of slot-die coated perovskite thin film, leading to the inverted perovskite mini-module reached an efficiency of 17.56% with an aperture area of 60.84 cm².

Fully-ambient-air processed HCF-PSCs based on carbon–graphite–Cu _δ Ni _1−δ O composites show not only efficient performance but also remarkably improved photo-, thermal-stability and long-term air stability.

Herein, we report a new class of copper complexes bearing a tetradentate polythioether ligand, [(S₄)Cu]^2+/+ (1^2+/+, S₄ = 1,4,8,11-tetrathiocyclotetradecane), as a redox mediator in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs).