Adina Iftimi

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many health care workers were involved and suffered significant physical and psychological strain, and nursing was one of the main players. Clearly and objectively establishing the psychological impact on nurses during the pandemic is necessary for long-term recovery and to be prepared for new outbreaks in the future. Aim: The aims of this study were to evaluate the perceived impact on nurses at risk of psychological stress at work during a major health care crisis and determine the psychological impact and its influencing factors. Methods: An online questionnaire was designed and distributed between April 9 and April 19, 2020, in Spain. The comprehensive self-conducted questionnaire included demographic information and the Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score. For the analysis, descriptive statistics, logistic regressions, and receiver operating characteristic curves were determined. Results: A total of 825 nurses (33% working in intensive care units and emergency departments) answered the questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis revealed that nurses with higher psychological stress scores experienced more physical overload ( P = .02), higher psychological overload ( P < .01), poor teamwork ( P = .02), more distress due to new circumstances (P < .01), more personal impact of how society responded to COVID-19 ( P < .01), anticipation of negative future consequences ( P < .01), and worse balance between family and work ( P < .01). The area under the curve for the cutoff point of Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score 40 was 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.91), with 70% sensitivity and 81% specificity. The positive predictive value was 72%, and the negative predictive value was 80%. Conclusion: Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score is a rapid and accurate test for evaluating the psychological well-being of health care staff that can be used when crisis prevents the use of conventional stress diagnosis methods. Higher psychological impact was observed in nurses who worked in the intensive care unit and in the hospital ward.

This study, based on data from 2015 to 2019 on the movement of offenders to the Metropolitan Region of Chile, uses Poisson and Negative Binomial models to analyze the flow of offenders from other Chilean regions. It confirms that factors such as gender, educational level, location of crime, and type of crime significantly motivate displacement. The profile of the typical offender is an educated man who commits crimes against property on public roads, coming mainly from neighboring and populated regions. These findings have implications for crime prevention, suggesting that strategies to prevent crime should take this into account. Future research at the commune level is proposed for a more detailed understanding of offender displacement patterns and to inform local crime-prevention strategies.

La seguridad ciudadana es una condición esencial para la realización de las personas; en aporte a esto, el objetivo del artículo es proporcionar información relevante sobre el comportamiento del crimen, analizando los delitos de mayor connotación social ocurridos en las comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. El método elegido es un modelo logístico, que incluye covariables socioeconómicas y demográficas de cada comuna, además de efectos espaciales y temporales. En el caso de las primeras, destaca la importancia que tiene la población, la mortalidad infantil, los ingresos propios permanentes y la pobreza como factores que aumentan significativamente la probabilidad de perpetración de delitos, especialmente los robos en todas sus formas. En este mismo orden de ideas, la asistencia escolar y las áreas verdes disminuyen la ocurrencia de delitos. Crímenes que destacan por su extrema violencia, como son el homicidio y la violación, ocurren con mayor probabilidad los días sábado y domingo; se suma a ellos, además, el viernes, para los delitos de lesiones y robo con violencia. Con todo, es importante este tipo de análisis, que permite identificar patrones delictivos que pueda adoptar el crimen, todo orientado a una prevención del delito focalizada y basada en evidencia, con el fin de contener el crimen y, así, favorecer el desan del delito focalizada y basada en evidencia, con el fin de contener el crimen y, así, favorecer el desarrollo humano, lo que permite al individuo y a la comunidad realizar sus legítimas aspiraciones.

As house mortgage appraisal values have played a leading role in the 2007–2012 financial crisis, it is important to develop robust mass appraisal models that correctly estimate these values. The present paper intends to propose a methodology to examine the spatial distribution of house mortgage appraisal values. To do so, we analyzed the effect that these values, cadastral urban land values, characteristics of houses, and socioeconomic conditions and services in neighborhoods, have on house mortgage appraisal values in the 70 boroughs of Valencia (Spain). Econometric and spatial models were used, and variables were calculated as the mean and weighted values per boroughs. Our results showed that the hierarchy of cadastral values impacted mortgage appraisal values. Conversely, not all the boroughs-related variables influenced the mean mortgage values of houses, although some did anomalously. We conclude that the spatial error or autoregressive models provided very good fit results, which somewhat improved the ordinary least square model. Moreover, house mortgage appraisal values may be influenced by not only cadastral values but also by some district characteristics like mean family property size, vehicle age, distance from a metro station or from infant or primary education centers.

Background: The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has a great impact worldwide. Healthcare workers play an essential role and are one of the most exposed groups. Information about the psychosocial impact on healthcare workers is limited.Methods: 3109 healthcare workers completed a national, internet-based, cross-sectional 45-item survey between 9 and 19 April 2020. The objective is to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish healthcare workers. A Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score (PSAS) was defined combining four modified versions of validated psychological assessment tests (A) Healthcare Stressful Test, (B) Coping Strategies Inventory, (C) Font-Roja Questionnaire and (D) Trait Meta-Mood Scale.Results: The highest psychosocial impact was perceived in Respiratory Medicine, the mean (S.D.) PSAS was 48.3 (13.6) and Geriatrics 47.6 (16.4). Higher distress levels were found in the geographical areas with the highest incidence of COVID-19 (>245.5 cases per 100 000 people), PSAS 46.8 (15.2); p < 0.001. The least stress respondents were asymptomatic workers PSAS, 41.3 (15.4); p < 0.001, as well as those above 60 years old, PSAS, 37.6 (16); p < 0.001. Workers who needed psychological therapy and did not receive it, were more stressed PSAS 52.5 (13.6) than those who did not need it PSAS 39.7 (13.9); p < 0.001.Conclusions: The psychological impact in healthcare workers in Spain during COVID-19 emergency has been studied. The stress perceived is parallel to the number of cases per 100 000 people. Psychotherapy could have a major role to mitigate the experimented stress level.

Objectives: Mental disorders in reproductive-aged women have significant implications for the risk of unintended pregnancies. The objective of this study is to assess the professional counseling in clinical practice based on motivational interview in women with serious mental illness (SMI) in order to achieve a change to a more effective contraceptive method. Study design: A prospective observational cohort study (2012–2017) was conducted in a convenience sample of women with severe–moderate psychiatric disorders (n = 91). Information related to psychiatric health, contraceptive use, sexual and reproductive health and socio-demographics was collected. To assess the variation in the contraceptive method, follow-up visits were planned before and after medical counseling. All participants underwent an evidence-based individual motivational interview for contraception counseling. A multivariate logistic model was carried out to identify the factors involved in changing to a more effective contraceptive method. Results: After evidence-based counseling, 51.6% of participants changed their contraceptive method to a more effective one. This change was associated with gender violence (β coefficient = 1.58, p value = .006). The relation between changing to a more effective contraceptive method and both previous abortions and having children was also positive, although the coefficients did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Evidence-based contraception counseling in clinical practice, based on an adapted protocol to patients with SMI, has shown, in this study, to be adequate to promote the shift to more effective contraceptive methods, avoiding the need of daily compliance in this population. Gender violence has been significantly associated with the shift to very high effectiveness methods as well as previous abortions and having children, not significantly.

Breast tumors can be classified into 5 intrinsic subtypes as measured by mRNA expression,¹ with most estrogen receptor (ER)–positive tumors classified as luminal A or luminal B subtype. In general, luminal A tumors have higher ER-expression and lower tumor cell proliferation than luminal B tumors.^2,3 Approximately 1 in 4 patients with ER-positive breast cancer will develop distant metastasis and eventually die from the disease,^4,5 and it is currently not possible to accurately predict a patient’s long-term risk or the benefit of endocrine therapy.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the presence of spatial and temporal effects on the calls for noise disturbance service reported to the Local Police of València (Spain) in the time period from 2014 to 2015, and investigate how some socio-demographic and environmental variables affect the noise phenomenon. The analysis is performed at the level of València’s boroughs. It has been carried out using a logistic model after dichotomization of the noise incidence variable. The spatial effects consider first- and second-order neighbors. The temporal effects are included in the model by means of one- and two-week temporal lags. Our model confirms the presence of strong spatio-temporal effects. We also find significant associations between noise incidence and specific age groups, socio-economic status, land uses, and recreational activities, among other variables. The results suggest that there is a problem of "social" noise in València that is not exclusively a consequence of coexistence between local residents. External factors such as the increasing number of people on the streets during weekend nights or during summer months severely increase the chances of expecting a noise incident.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the presence of spatial and temporal effects on the calls for noise disturbance service reported to the Local Police of València (Spain) in the time period from 2014 to 2015, and investigate how some socio-demographic and environmental variables affect the noise phenomenon. The analysis is performed at the level of València's boroughs. It has been carried out using a logistic model after dichotomization of the noise incidents variable. The spatial effects consider first and second order neighbours. The temporal effects are included in the model by means of one and two weeks temporal lags. Our model confirms the presence of strong spatio-temporal effects. We also find significant associations between noise incidence and specific age groups, socio-economic status, land uses and recreational activities, among other variables. The results suggest that there is a problem of ``social'' noise in València that is not exclusively a consequence of coexistence between local residents. External factors such as the increasing number of people on the streets during weekend nights or during summer months increase severely the chances of expecting a noise incident.