Aslan Aliev Muradalievich

Aim. Determination of the composition of volatile lipophilic (low‐polar) components of fruits and rhizomes with roots of Angelica sachokiana growing in the Republic of Dagestan by gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The aim was to study its fruits and rhizomes with roots, harvested on the experimental basis of the Mountain Botanical Garden of DFIC RAS, at an altitude of 1100 m above sea level. The analysis was performed on a MAESTRO 7820 gas chromatograph with an Agilent 5975 mass‐selective detector with standard methodological approaches to the identification of compounds (library mass spectra and retention indices) described in the literature. In the lipophilic fractions of fruits, 56 components were identified, in the fractions of rhizomes with roots – 39 components, of which ten compounds were common for both organs studied: α‐pinene, camphene, β‐mircene, β‐fellandren, hexadecanoic acid, isopimpinellin, imperimine, oxypeucedanine, xanthilethin and decursin. For the first time, the GC‐MS method established the component composition of volatile organic compounds of fruits and rhizomes with the roots of Angelica sachokiana , which grows in the Republic of Dagestan. Among the pharmacologically significant metabolites in both samples, pyranocoumarin decursin, which has antitumor activity, is present in noticeable amounts. The data obtained are important for optimising the cultivation of the species, choosing strategies for processing raw materials and its use in traditional and official medicine and also emphasize the need for further research, from chemical standardisation and verification of biomarkers to preclinical assessment of biological activity in order to develop new drugs.

Introduction. Information on the seasonal variability of essential oils has a key decision in determining the seasons of harvesting: the variation of component composition should be minimal, and the concentration ranges should correspond to those established in the regulatory documentation, while the maximum possible yield of essential oil should be observed. Rosemary grows in the south of the Russian Federation (the Republic of Crimea, the Caucasus) and the chromatographic profile of its essential oil is not fixed in the regulatory documentation, and in the Russian-language scientific literature there are no studies of seasonal variations in the component composition of essential oil, despite the fact that in the Republic of Dagestan rosemary blooms almost year-round.Aim. Study of seasonal variations in the essential oil of the rosemary of Dagestan origin.Materials and methods. Estimation of essential oil content was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia 11th edition by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Gas chromatographic analysis was carried out using a gas chromatograph Crystal 5000.2 equipped with a flame ionization detector, separation was carried out on fixed phase columns of different polarity: HP-5MS UI and DB-WAX. The components were identified by comparing the calculated linear retention indices obtained on two columns of different polarity with reference values.Results and discussion. The content of essential oil of rosemary in the plant raw material ranged from 2.06 to 2.24 %. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the results obtained during the experiment. According to the results of gas chromatographic was able to establish α-pinene chemotype of essential oil of Dagestan origin. In the samples of essential oils 30 compounds were identified, constituting at least 95 % of their composition. When interpreting the results of statistical processing of the content of components depending on the date of collection of raw materials, significant differences were noted for the majority of major components.Conclusion. The study was the first to describe the component composition of essential oil of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn., seu Rosmarinus officinalis L.) of Dagestan origin. Detected during the study statistically significant differences in the content of components depending on the date of collection of plant raw materials can be used for chromatographic profiling of essential oil of rosemary of Dagestan origin. This approach will allow not only to reflect the geographical variability of the component composition, but also seasonal.

The paper presents the results of a study of the antibacterial activity of supercritical carbon dioxide extract of the aboveground part of Savory (Satureja hortensis) against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.To study the antibacterial properties of Savory extract (Satureja hortensis) against infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.In the course of the experiment, Savory extract obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was studied for antimicrobial activity against these bacteria. The component composition of the extract was determined by chromatography–mass spectrometry. To determine the antibacterial activity, we used the method of dilution in a liquid medium with subsequent measurement of the growth of the suspension culture biomass. The activity of the extract was compared with certified drugs included in the protocols for the treatment of bacterial infections. DMSO and potassium phosphate buffer were used as a negative control.The studies showed that the extract exhibits high antibacterial activity against all the studied bacterial strains and has a direct positive correlation with its concentration. Chromatographic mass‐spectrometry analysis showed that the extract of garden Savory contains 28 substances, the main ones being thymol (30.51 %), gamma‐terpinene (15.27 %), para‐ cymene (14.25 %) and Carvacrol (9.18 %), which both individually and in combination could exhibit antibacterial activity.Supercritical carbon dioxide extract exhibits pronounced antimicrobial activity against reference strains of S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.

To study the variability of the gathering locality and componen t composition of essential oil from the aerial part of a little‐studied species – Artemisia salsoloides Willd. depending on abiotic environmental factors, such as height above the level of the place of growth. Aerial parts of A. salsoloides were collected during the flowering phase in four Dagestan natural populations to obtain essential oil using the Clevenger method. To determine the component composition of the samples obtained of essential oils of A. salsoloides, chromatography‐mass spectrometric analysis was used. The components were identified using the NIST08 and FFNSC mass spectral libraries. In total, 55 compounds were identified in the essential oil samples, where monoterpenoids account for 59.92 % – 75.98 % and sesquiterpenoids – for 23.24 % to 37.81 %. At the same time, 15 major compounds were identified. Thus, it should be noted that there was found to be a wide range of values for monoterpenoids: β‐pinene, trans‐β‐ocimene, cis‐alloocimene, benzene, 2,4‐pentadinyl, and among sesquiterpenoids – α‐copaene, β‐sesquiphilandrene, spathulenol. The quantitative yield of essential oil in the studied samples varied from 0.68 % to 1.36 % of airdried raw materials, depending on the growth location of the species. Four separate populations of A. salsoloides were identified by means of cluster analysis based on the component composition of the studied essential oils. For the first time, the composition of the essential oil of the aerial part of wild Dagestan samples of A. salsoloides was studied as depending on an abiotic factor (height above sea level) of the environment. The results obtained of the component composition of the essential oil of A. salsoloides samples showed the presence of a number of valuable compounds, which allow the use of essential oils as their sources.

Изменчивость компонентного состава эфирного масла Mentha piperita L. в зависимости от условий интродукции