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Hemoptysis is a serious clinical condition, particularly in geriatric patients, due to age-related physiological changes and multiple comorbidities. This s

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Background: Early diagnosis is one of the most critical factors influencing the prognosis of lung cancer. This study aims to investigate radiological diagnostic delays and their underlying causes in lung cancer. Methods: The previous radiological images of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients were retrospectively reviewed by a multidisciplinary team consisting of 2 chest physicians and 1 radiologist. Radiological abnormalities were identified, and potential factors contributing to delayed diagnosis were analyzed. Results: Among 100 patients, 76 had prior thoracic imaging. In 22 of these, lesions had been previously identified and patients informed about the potential risk of malignancy, but further evaluation was declined. Retrospective review revealed unrecognized radiological abnormalities in 30 patients—12 on chest X-rays and 18 on computed tomography (CT) scans. In 7 cases, the lesions had been documented in the CT reports. Lesions located in peri-hilar, tracheobronchial, and paravertebral regions, as well as those originating from areas of lung sequelae, were among the most common factors associated with later diagnosis. Diagnostic delays were more common in cases of adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: A considerable proportion of lung cancer cases might have been detected earlier. Increased awareness of specific radiological features and careful co-evaluation of both imaging reports and the images themselves may enhance earlier detection in lung cancer. Cite this article as: Tokgöz Akyıl F, Abalı H, S.kücü SN, et al. Could it be diagnosed earlier? A retrospective analysis of lung cancer. Eurasian J Med. 2025, 57(2), 0893, doi:10.5152/ eurasianjmed.2025.25893.

Introduction: Volumetric parameters of the 18F-FDG PET/CT can contribute to the treatment decision in high risk patients. In the present study, we aimed to examine the predictive, prognostic, and clinical value of PET/CT by using the two volumetric parameters: metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), SUVmax to concurrently evaluate survival data in patients diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: 244 patients with SCLC, who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for staging purpose were enrolled. Primary tumor SUVmax, MTV (40-70%) and TLG (40-70%) obtained from PET/CT were documented. Results: All lesions (n=244) showed 18F-FDG uptake, mean SUVmax of 19.74±8.71 [range (min – max) = 3.80 - 58.80]. SUVmax was significantly higher in tumors with diameters > 2 cm compared to those with diameters ≤ 2 cm (p=0.000). The mean survival time was significantly shorter in patients with tumor diameter greater than 2 cm, locoregional LN involvement, distant nodal metastasis, or distant organ metastasis (p=0.019, p

65-year-old,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,mortality,pneumonia,pneumococcal vaccination

Aims: Hemoptysis can indicate serious, potentially life-threatening conditions. The etiology varies by region and can include tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries and malignancies in developed regions. Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records of 400 hospitalized hemoptysis patients between June 2012 and March 2016. Data collected included patient demographics, comorbidities, hemoptysis volume, diagnostic tests, treatments, and outcomes. Survival rates and readmissions were tracked for 2-6 years post-discharge. Results: Of the 400 patients, 88 (22%) were female and 312 (78%) were male. The leading causes of hemoptysis were bronchiectasis (14%), sequela of tuberculosis (TB sequelae; 19%), and malignancy (22.8%). The most common causes in male patients were lung cancer (27.2%) and TB sequelae (21.8%). Bronchiectasis accounted for 28.4% of cases in female patients, followed by drug-induced hemoptysis at 14.8%. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1% (n = 4), with severe hemoptysis present in all four patients who died during admission for hemoptysis. The 2–6-year survival rate was 70.8% for women and 56.1% for men (p = 0.005). The factors found to significantly worsen mortality risk were lung malignancy, age >65, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Conclusion: Overall, lung cancer was found to be the leading cause of hemoptysis, with bronchiectasis being the leading cause in female patients and malignancy in male patients. Close monitoring of male patients is crucial due to higher mortality risk. Careful assessment of patients with hemoptysis having comorbidities such as diabetes and COPD is required due to the reduced survival rates associated with these conditions. Early detection and intervention for lung cancer is essential to optimize the prognosis of affected individuals.

Background: The ability to predict the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can provide a basis for individualized treatment and follow-up. Determination of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) parameters, i.e., maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), may improve predictions of survival for NSCLC patients. Objectives: To determine the relationship between the PET/CT-derived parameters SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, and TLG and survival in NSCLC patients. Patients and Methods: Patients with NSCLC diagnosed at our clinic between January 2019 and October 2020 were evaluated retrospectively using data obtained from the electronic database. The study population consisted of 132 patients over 18 years of age who had a PET/CT scan before receiving any treatment for NSCLC. During their initial PET/CT evaluation, SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, and TLG were calculated. Correlations between the variables were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test, and the associations of the variables with patient survival were determined using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: The overall 2-year survival rate of the patients was 36.6%. In the univariate analysis, MTV and TLG, but not SUVmax or SUVmean, were significantly associated with survival (P = 0.8, P = 0.003, and P = 0.045, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, MTV was related to a higher risk of death in patients with adenocarcinoma, lymph node involvement, or distant metastasis. By contrast, TLG was associated with a lower risk of death in patients with adenocarcinoma (ACA) or distant metastasis. Conclusion: Among the parameters obtained in PET/CT studies, SUVmax and SUVmean were not related to the survival of patients with NSCLC. However, MTV was associated with a higher risk of death, while TLG was associated with a lower risk of death in patients with adenocarcinoma or distant metastasis. Further studies with larger samples are needed to validate these results.

Pneumococcal vaccination,hospital costs,vaccination and hospitalization