Vladimir Terzija

A new real-time under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) approach is proposed in this paper, aiming to restore frequency stability in response to load-generation imbalance. Under disturbance scenarios, the methodology evaluates the severity of the active power imbalance in real time using a Frequency Performance Index (FREPI). Based on the calculated FREPI, an adaptive load shedding strategy is determined using sensitivity information, enabling the appropriate selection of loads and the amount of active power to shed in order to restore system power balance. This sensitivity approach, based on directional derivatives, enhances frequency recovery by dynamically adapting load shedding to the system's operating conditions using closed-form equations. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through numerical evaluations on the IEEE 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems under generation loss scenarios.

This article looks at the main forces driving today’s megatrends in the energy sector. The challenges arising from renewable integration and electrification, aging infrastructure, reliance on critical minerals, and the rising cyber and privacy risks associated with new technologies are discussed, and a range of emerging technologies is covered.