Maurizio Magarini

Plants exhibit dynamic bioelectric properties that facilitate information transfer across tissues. This study investigates action potentials (APs) in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) recorded within a custom-designed growth chamber using a biosignal amplifier and environmental sensors. Consistent light- and dark-induced APs were observed during photoperiod transitions under controlled 12-hour artificial illumination cycles. To understand these bioelectric responses, a mathematical model based on the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) one is used. Electrophysiological measurements from Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) revealed that under natural light conditions, only light-induced APs are observed, while light- and dark-induced APs coupled dynamics is exclusively elicited during rapid transitions in artificial photoperiods. These distinct phenomena are characterized as prolonged oscillatory climatic engagement (POCE) and nimble environmental transition oscillation (NETO), respectively. The model successfully reproduces the key features in both frameworks while maintaining computational efficiency through voltage-independent gating kinetics.

Quantum integrated sensing and communication (QISAC) is emerging as a key paradigm for next-generation quantum technologies, in which entanglement, coherence, and non-classical correlations are jointly exploited to enable secure communication, distributed sensing, and networked quantum functionalities. As quantum systems transition from laboratory demonstrations to deployable infrastructures, performance is increasingly limited not by individual components but by cross-layer interactions among hardware noise, channel loss, error-management strategies, and network architecture. This survey presents a system-level architectural framework for QISAC, focusing on how physical-layer constraints, quantum channel characteristics, and error-mitigation mechanisms jointly determine end-to-end performance and architectural feasibility in scalable quantum networks. We analyze representative quantum hardware platforms-including superconducting circuits, trapped ions, neutral atoms, photonic systems, and solid-state spin qubits-through the lens of coherence time, fidelity, interface capability, and technology readiness, emphasizing their implications for networked sensing and communication rather than device-level operation. The roles of quantum error correction (QEC) and entanglement purification are examined as complementary error-management layers, highlighting trade-offs among resource overhead, latency, and achievable entanglement fidelity under realistic noise and memory constraints. We further connect these architectural considerations to QISAC-enabled applications such as distributed quantum sensing, quantum key distribution (QKD), and repeater-assisted entanglement distribution, clarifying how hardware limitations and error-management choices propagate to application-level performance. By synthesizing noise, error management, and network co-design into a unified system perspective, this survey provides design-oriented insights and architectural guidelines for building scalable, noise-resilient QISAC networks.