Xuedong Wang

An aggregation state transition mechanism that bypasses traditional hydrolysis for pyrethroid detection was developed, enabling the first direct in situ fluorescence imaging of pesticide distribution and migration on crop surfaces.

Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics derived from actinomycetes.

As an antioxidant widely used in tire rubber, (1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) has been recognized as an emerging contaminant with unclear neurotoxic potential. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model, we systematically evaluated the neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and molecular effects of 6PPD at environmentally relevant (5 μg/L) and sublethal (300 μg/L) concentrations. 6PPD exposure caused developmental abnormalities, including microphthalmia, exophthalmos, cardiac malformations, and hypopigmentation. Notably, benchmark dose (BMD) modeling identified the eye as a sensitive target, with microphthalmia likely impairing retinal development, photoreception, and circadian regulation. 6PPD increased neuronal apoptosis; impaired central nervous system and lateral line development; and, at high doses, reduced vitality, rhythmicity, and responsiveness. Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), a synaptic receptor enhancing glutamatergic and suppressing GABAergic signaling, was identified as a potential target mediating neuronal hyperexcitability and hyperactivity at low doses. Consistently, behavioral tests confirmed a biphasic hormetic response: hyperactivity at low doses and hypoactivity at high doses. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and xenograft tumor assays revealed a close association between 6PPD exposure and gliomagenesis, suggesting its potential risk of inducing glioma. Overall, these findings provide the first integrated phenotypic, behavioral, and molecular evidence of 6PPD-induced neurotoxicity and highlight CRHR1-mediated hormetic responses as critical considerations for risk assessment.

Herein, two kinds of quaternary ammonium polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) were prepared and rigorously characterized based on SEM, FT-IR, and ¹H NMR data. The PIL-based effervescence-enhanced dispersive solid-phase extraction (PILE-d-SPE) method was developed based on effervescent tablets containing PILs as extractants, tartaric acid as the acid source, NaHCO₃ as the alkaline source, and water-soluble starch as the filler. The positive charges on the surface of PILs and the negative charges on the surface of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) exhibited significant electrostatic attraction, thereby enhancing interactions between two PILs and SAs. P[VBTHEA]Cl exhibited higher extraction efficiency for five SAs than P[VBTEA]Cl, possibly because the structure of P[VBTHEA]Cl contained more –OH functional groups compared to that of P[VBTEA]Cl. Before and after extraction, the FT-IR spectra of the two PILs were significantly different from the O–H and C–H stretching–vibration absorption bands. DFT calculations show that the strong hydrogen bonds formed between P[VBTHEA]Cl and SDM resulted in the highest binding energy and, consequently, the highest SDM extraction recovery rate. Overall, the H-bonding induction effect was inferred to be the main reason for the superiority of P[VBTHEA]Cl over P[VBTEA]Cl in extraction efficiency. Using the one-factor-at-a-time approach, several important variables were optimized for determining SAs in reclaimed waters as follows: 200-mg PILs as extractants, 400-μL acetone as elution solvent, and 5-min elution. By integration with HPLC-DAD detection, this approach provided satisfactory analytical performance: a low detection limit (0.19–0.32 μg L⁻¹) and appropriately fortified recovery (78.4–99.7%) for five SAs. Consequently, the P[VBTHEA]Cl-based E-d-SPE method is environmentally friendly, time-saving, easy to operate, and exhibits excellent analytical performance.