Quanxi Zhang

Open‐pit coal mining severely degrades soil and ecosystem functions, constraining regional sustainability. Vegetation‐based reclamation has therefore been widely adopted as an effective approach to promote soil recovery and ecosystem restoration. In this study, eight reclamation models were established at the Antaibao Open‐Pit Coal Mine, all dominated by sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and combined with Chinese pine ( Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.), black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and littleleaf peashrub ( Caragana microphylla Lam.). Soil physicochemical properties and microbial community characteristics were systematically investigated in 2019 and 2022 to evaluate reclamation effectiveness. The results showed that the H. rhamnoides + C. microphylla model (SJ_NT) significantly increased soil available phosphorus (AP) (mean difference = 9.467 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and total nitrogen (TN) contents (mean difference = 211.333 mg/kg, p = 0.002), and was the only configuration that achieved sustained improvement in AP over time. Soil microbial communities exhibited clear temporal dynamics during reclamation. In 2022, the SJ_NT model displayed the highest fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness (439). At the bacterial phylum level, community dominance shifted from Actinobacteriota to Proteobacteria , with Cyanobacteria emerging as an additional dominant group. Functional prediction further indicated enhanced microbial metabolic potential, particularly for carbon metabolism–related and amino acid metabolism functional genes. Core microbial taxa were significantly correlated with soil nutrient availability, suggesting their role in stabilizing community structure through complementary metabolic functions. The SJ_NT reclamation model promotes ecological recovery through a positive feedback pathway involving improved soil nutrient status, optimized microbial community structure, and enhanced functional activity. This study provides practical guidance for vegetation configuration and ecological reclamation of open‐pit coal mines in semi‐arid regions.

The prevalence of western-style high-fat (HF) diets and chronic overnutrition has increased in China over the last few decades. Excess dietary fat increases lipid content in both adipose and non-ad...

Recent advancements in smart textiles have facilitated their extensive application in wearable health monitoring, particularly in brain activity measurement. This study introduces a flexible and washable fabric dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrode designed for brain activity measurement. The fabric dry electrode is constructed from electrically conductive polyester fabric with a resistivity of 0.09 Ω·cm, achieved by applying a PEDOT: PSS/PVA conductive paste coating on the textile substrate. A comparative analysis of the tensile properties between the conductive and untreated polyester fabric was conducted. The SEM images demonstrated that the PEDOT: PSS/PVA conductive polymer composite resulted in a uniform coating on the fabric surface. When enveloped in elastic foam, the fabric dry electrode maintained a low and stable electrode–skin contact impedance during prolonged EEG monitoring. Additionally, the short circuit noise level of the fabric dry electrode exhibited superior performance compared to both Ag/AgCl wet and finger dry electrode. The EEG signals acquired from the fabric dry electrode were comparable to those recorded by the Ag/AgCl wet electrode. Moreover, the fabric electrode effectively captured clear and reliable EEG signals, even after undergoing 10 washing cycles. The fabric dry electrode indicates good sweat resistance and biocompatibility during prolonged monitoring.

Damage caused by snowfall can result in broken crowns and trunks and even lead to the uprooting of forest trees. Damage or death of forest trees creates forest gaps and alters overall forest demographics, but predicting the exact nature and influence of this damage remains challenging. In general, the effects of various biotic and abiotic factors on snow damage remain understudied. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing literature, ultimately screening 38 manuscripts that describe 142 plant species. Our findings indicate that snow damage significantly reduced annual litterfall, Leaf Area Index, canopy density, abundance, and area at breast height when considering plant communities. However, snow damage also tended to significantly increase Shannon’s Diversity Index, Simpson’s Diversity Index, Pielou’s Evenness Index, and diameter at breast height. In addition, at the population level, snow damage was found to significantly reduce density, abundance, and annual litterfall while significantly increasing diameter at breast height. Further, the response of different forest vegetation community characteristics to snow damage is significantly influenced by factors such as forest type, elevation, slope, and aspect.

Precise control of desirable facets and vacancies is expected to be a promising strategy for improving the photocatalytic performance of catalysts. Herein, BiOI-1 and BiOI-2 were designed and prepared with (102) and (110) as the dominant exposed facets, respectively. Moreover, BiOI-1 and BiOI-2 correspond to the major types V_BiIBi and V_BiOBiBi, respectively. The experimental results showed that the degradation and mineralization of bisphenol A (BPA) by BiOI-2 could reach 100% and 95.90% under visible light irradiation. The excellent catalytic performance of BiOI-2 is attributed to the optimization of the energy band structure by its special facets and vacancies, and the narrow band gap promotes the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Meanwhile, the strong reducing property of the conduction band (CB) and the strong adsorption capacity for water and oxygen contribute to the fact that BiOI-2 can generate a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This work provides an atomic-scale understanding of the synergistic effects of vacancies and facets on catalysts and offers new directions in the management of water environmental pollution.