Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro

Introduction: In school sports, motivation influences student-athletes' adherence and persistence, and may be expressed through intrinsic and extrinsic components. Objective: To identify and compare factors associated with motivation levels for sports practice among student-athletes from sports-oriented elementary schools (upper elementary grades). Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study with 563 student-athletes (279 girls; 284 boys), mean age 14.16 ± 0.73 years, enrolled in 2023 in the 8th or 9th grade of the Olympic Educational Gymnasiums (GEOs) in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Motivation was assessed using the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS; 28 items; 1–7 Likert scale). Results: A similar distribution of participation was observed in team sports (55%) and individual sports (45%). Boys showed higher levels of intrinsic motivation (IM) and extrinsic motivation (EM) compared to girls (IM = 5.75 [4.50–6.75]; EM = 4.75 [3.50–6.00]; p≤0.05). Intrinsic motivation was higher among individual sports practitioners (IM = 6.00 [4.50–6.75]; p≤0.05), whereas extrinsic motivation was higher in team sports (EM = 4.75 [3.50–5.75]; p≤0.05). Student-athletes who studied near home showed higher intrinsic motivation (IM = 5.75 [4.50–6.75]; p≤0.05), while those who lived farther away exhibited higher extrinsic motivation (EM = 4.50 [3.25–5.75]; p≤0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that motivation for sports practice among GEO student-athletes varies according to sex, sport modality (individual/team), and home-school commuting conditions. These findings may support school strategies for engagement and retention in sports, especially in groups with greater dependence on extrinsic motivation.

A pandemia de covid-19 impactou os níveis de atividade física, favorecendo o sedentarismo e dificultando o acesso à prática de exercícios, o que contribuiu para o aumento dos casos de dor lombar. Este estudo investigou a relação entre medidas corporais e a força da musculatura da coluna vertebral em jovens adultos fisicamente ativos no contexto pós-pandêmico. Participaram 47 indivíduos (idade: 23,5 ± 4,9 anos), avaliados quanto à estatura, massa corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência abdominal (CircABD) e força isométrica. Foram identificadas correlações entre força muscular e idade (rho = 0,354; p = 0,015), IMC (rho = 0,347; p = 0,017) e CircABD (rho = 0,333; p = 0,022). O excesso de gordura abdominal e a menor força muscular mostraram-se fatores associados a maior risco de dor lombar. Os achados reforçam a importância de avaliações objetivas e estratégias individualizadas para a prevenção da dor lombar e a promoção da saúde musculoesquelética em jovens adultos.

Introduction: The practice of physical activities, especially sports, plays a crucial role in promoting health and the holistic development of children and adolescents. However, the relationship between participation in sports and academic performance continues to generate controversies, with studies presenting divergent results regarding its positive or negative impact on the academic performance of student-athletes. Objective: To analyze associations between sports practice and academic performance of student-athletes. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD42023464165. Searches were carried out between August and September 2023 in the electronic databases MedLine (via PubMed), ERIC, LILACS (via BVS), and SciELO. Results: Of the 3,306 publications found through database searching, 13 studies were considered eligible. The samples varied between 52 and 27,954 students, with an average age ranging from 6 to 19 years, for a total of 41,028 students investigated. It was found that sports, due to their characteristics, could reduce deviant behaviors in the school environment, improving teamwork and developing greater responsibility, engagement, and commitment among student-athletes. Conclusions: The studies showed that student-athletes tended to present better academic performance compared to non-sporting students, revealing positive connections between regular sports practice and improved results in the exams to which the student-athletes were subjected.

Introdução: submarinistas tendem a ser expostos a um ambiente metabolicamente desfavorável, que podem afetar sua saúde e sua qualidade de sono. Objetivo: analisar o perfil de sono e sua relação com variáveis de aptidão física em submarinistas da Marinha do Brasil. Método: uma pesquisa transversal com uma amostra de 40 submarinistas homens (28,70±3,98 anos). Foram analisados dados de massa composição corporal (MCT), estatura, IMC, cintura, gordura corporal (%G), aptidão cardiorrespiratória (VO2max), sonolência de Epworth (ESE) e qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI) com horas, eficiência e latência de sono. Resultados: A amostra apresentou um perfil de sono com escore de 6,20 no PSQI, eficiência (93,23%) e latência de sono (18,18 minutos). A maioria dos participantes do estudo tem sonolência diurna normal, qualidade de sono ruim, dificuldade para dormir < 30 minutos, boa autopercepção da qualidade de sono, baixa disfunção diurna, com boa eficiência e latência de sono. O teste de correlação de Pearson mostrou associações entre horas de sono e %G (r = - 0,0331, p = 0,043), horas de sono e qualidade de sono (r = - 0,736, p < 0,001) e entre horas de sono e eficiência de sono (r = 0,358, p = 0,028). Conclusão: O estudo apontou qualidade de sono ruim e %G elevado correlacionados a poucas horas de sono, assim como indivíduos com maior eficiência do sono tendo maiores horas de sono e maior latência.

Background: Cellular antioxidant activity and oxidative stress are assumed to be critical factors in the aging process. This study aims to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on endogenous antioxidants in healthy older individuals. Design: The records were identified through searches in 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Bireme, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) in June 2024 for eligible randomized controlled trials that observed older individuals subjected to RT programs that reported endogenous antioxidant outcomes. The Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (ranging from 0 to 15) was used to verify the methodological quality of the studies. Results: Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 676 healthy older individuals were included in the systematic review. Of these, 10 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that RT interventions did not have significant effects on improving catalase levels (standardized mean difference = 0.84; 95% CI, −0.61 to 2.29) or antioxidant activity (standardized mean difference = 0.28; 95% CI, −0.41 to 0.98). However, RT was associated with a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (mean difference = −0.16; 95% CI, −0.29 to −0.04) and glutathione peroxidase increased (standardized mean difference = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.01). Conclusions: Based on available evidence, the meta-analysis suggests potential improvement in glutathione peroxidase gene expression and reduction in gene expression of superoxide dismutase after the intervention physical activity intervention in healthy older individuals.

O Exercício Físico (EF) refere-se a atividades físicas planejadas, organizadas e repetitivas com o objetivo de melhorar a saúde e a capacidade funcional das pessoas, facilitando suas tarefas diárias. Os estudos da literatura revelam que o EF pode desenvolver benefícios significativos para gestantes, com poucos profissionais de saúde recomendando a interrupção dos exercícios para aquelas que já possuem um hábito saudável de prática física. Este estudo este trabalho busca esclarecer questões sobre diretrizes, protocolos e recomendações para a prescrição de treinamento de força durante a gestação Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura de artigos científicos sobre o assunto, destacando as principais recomendações para a atividade física com as gestantes, no pós parto, frequência, intensidade, tempo, exercícios aeróbicos e resistidos. Os achados indicam que o EF traz vantagens tanto para a saúde da gestante quanto para sua rotina diária. As evidências sugerem que a prática de EF durante a gestação, quando supervisionada por um profissional de Educação Física.

O comportamento sedentário tornou-se comum entre a população de jovens e adolescentes. Diferentes autores sugerem que a escola, mais especificamente a Educação Física escolar, deve assumir a incumbência de desenvolver práticas que ressaltem a importância de se adotar um estilo de vida saudável. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a motivação para a prática de esportes escolares de alunos de 11 a 15 anos do ensino fundamental. A amostra foi composta por 118 alunos, de ambos os sexos, regularmente matriculados no ensino fundamental. A motivação foi analisada através do Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). Observou-se que os alunos são motivados à prática do basquetebol, handebol, futsal e voleibol para desenvolver a aptidão física, aprimorar a capacidade técnica, ter bons resultados competitivos e, na natação, como um meio de socialização através das atividades em grupo. Espera-se que esses fatores que influenciam na motivação para a prática esportiva possam auxiliar na motivação para elevar o nível de atividade física.

The aim of this present study is to investigate the influence of warm-up, physical activity level, and body fat percentages on the reaction time of punches and kicks in adult kickboxing practitioners. The sample consisted of 20 kickboxing practitioners. Physical activity level was evaluated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, body composition by electrical bioimpedance, and reaction time by the mobile application TReaction. The direct punch and the kick with no warm-up had the highest reaction times (p<0.05) when compared with after warm-up and after the two-minute rounds. There were correlations between kick with no warm-up reaction time and fat percentage (r=0.524; p=0.018), and kick with no warm-up and physical activity level (r=-0.560; p=0.010). The physical activity level and the percentage of body fat are variables that interfere with kickboxers’ kick reaction time. Furthermore, the warm-up had a positive influence on the reduction of the reaction time of punches.

The objective was to analyze the physical performance in female soccer players. A systematic review was performed by searching MedLine (PubMed), SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Lilacs (BVS) and SciELO databases for observational studies performed on female soccer players under 18 years of age, who underwent neuromuscular and/or cardiorespiratory physical testing. Of the 934 studies found, 19 were included. The sample size in the studies ranged from 11 to 499 players, with total of 1879 athletes, aged between 9 and 17 years. Neuromuscular tests were more used than cardiorespiratory ones. In conclusion, jumps, linear velocity and change of direction were more used in the context of soccer played by women to determine performance in young athletes. However, cardiorespiratory capacity tests were used to a lesser extent, with a predominance of the level 1 yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIR1).