Myoung-Ho Hyun

Background: This study examined the impact of mental countermeasures on the accuracy of the comparison question test (CQT) in psychophysiological detection of deception.Methods: Forty-five participants were randomly assigned to three groups: innocent, guilty, and guilty with mental countermeasures. A mock crime scenario was used, and the Utah Zone Comparison Test was conducted. Scoring was performed using the Empirical Scoring System–Multinomial.Results: The CQT accurately identified all guilty participants (100%) and 91.7% of the innocent participants. However, only 25% of the guilty with mental countermeasures participants were correctly classified, indicating a substantial reduction in detection accuracy due to the use of mental countermeasures.Conclusions: Mental countermeasures can significantly distort physiological responses, undermining the core assumption of the CQT. These findings emphasize the need for advanced detection techniques that integrate neurophysiological measures such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and machine learning approaches.

Background: This study aims to refine and validate the Sexual Self-Determination Competency Assessment Scale (2020) to enhance its effectiveness.Methods: The scale comprises self-reported and scenario-based sections. We revised item phrasing; expanded content to better address sexual crimes involving children, adolescents, and individuals with intellectual disabilities; and adjusted the scoring method for better comprehension by individuals with intellectual disabilities. The revised scale was administered to 500 middle and high school students aged 14∼18 to assess reliability and validity. Additionally, we replaced Likert-scale items with open-ended questions to minimize response bias in the scenario-based section. Interviews were conducted with 17 adolescents and individuals with intellectual limitations.Results: The self-report section demonstrated content validity through an expert review of item appropriateness. Construct and criterion validities were confirmed through statistical analyses. The internal consistency was also high. In the scenario-based section, four open-ended questions were finalized based on interview data, and five scoring criteria were developed to evaluate responses.Conclusions: This study improved the format and content of the existing scale, thereby enhancing its applicability in investigative and practical contexts. Notably, modifying scenario-based items to an open-ended format enables a qualitative assessment of perception, judgment, and coping abilities in sexual offense scenarios, representing a significant contribution to the field.

Background: This study examined the pathway by which internalized shame influences the tendency toward social media addiction through the mediating roles of social interaction anxiety and experiential avoidance.Methods: Data were collected from 174 Korean adults who completed surveys measuring internalized shame, social interaction anxiety, experiential avoidance, and social media addiction. Linear regression and Process Macro were used for data analysis.Results: Internalized shame affected social media addiction by mediating experiential avoidance, and the mediation effect of social interaction anxiety was not significant. However, the double mediating effect of social interaction anxiety and experiential avoidance on the relationship between internalized shame and social media addiction was significant.Conclusions: People who chronically experience negative perceptions and shame about themselves seek stability through others; however, they experience anxiety in face-to-face interactions and use social media to control and avoid these anxieties. To effectively reduce the tendency toward social media addiction, intervention is required to avoid social interaction anxiety, rather than attempting to change maladaptive identity.

Background: This study examined the effects of internalized shame and social exclusion on approach-avoidance behavior.Methods: A survey was conducted offline and online with 618 adult participants to assess their level of internalized shame. Among them, 59 were selected and assigned to either the high- or low-internalized shame group. These participants were then randomly assigned to either the social exclusion or inclusion condition. After experimental manipulation, explicit and implicit approach-avoidance behaviors were measured.Results: In terms of explicit behavioral choices, the high-internalized shame group exhibited approach behavior in the social inclusion condition and avoidance behavior in the exclusion condition. In terms of explicit behavioral preferences, the high-internalized shame group and social exclusion condition exhibited avoidance responses. In terms of implicit behavior, the low-internalized shame group exhibited approach responses in the social exclusion condition, whereas the high-internalized shame group exhibited avoidance responses.Conclusions: This study investigated the impact of internalized shame and social exclusion on social functioning and confirmed that individuals with high levels of internalized shame are more vulnerable to social exclusion. Finally, the implications, significance, and limitations of this study are discussed.

Background: This study examined the effects of emotion regulation strategies on psychological distress in individuals with obsessive-compulsive tendencies.Methods: A total of 339 adults completed online and offline surveys administered to determine the level of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Among them, 56 were categorized into the obsessive-compulsive tendency group and randomly assigned to the reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression groups, where each participated in emotion regulation strategy training. Their psychological distress was assessed before and after the training.Results: The results of the repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the main effects of neither group nor time were significant, but the interaction between group and time was significant. The acceptance group showed a significant decrease in psychological distress post-training, whereas the suppression group showed a significant increase. The reappraisal group showed no significant changes in psychological distress before and after the training.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the acceptance strategy was especially effective and adaptive in reducing psychological distress. These findings expand our understanding of emotion regulation strategies and have therapeutic implications. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study are discussed, presenting directions for future research.

Background: This study explored the relationship between childhood trauma, disconnection-rejection schemas, and depression among youths in the transition to independent living. Additionally, this study examined whether the impact of childhood trauma on depression, mediated by disconnection-rejection schemas, was moderated by the type of out-of-home care (residential care centers, group homes, and foster homes).Methods: A survey questionnaire measuring childhood trauma, disconnection-rejection schemas, and depression was administered to 201 participants.Results: Mistrust-abuse and defectiveness-shame schemas mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression. In all types of out-of-home care, both the mistrust-abuse and defectiveness-shame schemas mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression. There were no significant differences in mediating effects based on the type of out-of-home care.Conclusions: The findings of this study can be applied to the treatment of depression during the transition to independent living in individuals who have experienced childhood trauma.

Objective Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) scars are common in individuals with NSSI experiences. However, little is known about NSSI scars because related tools are limited. This study aimed to develop and validate the Korean version of the multidimensional Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scar Scale (K-NSSI-ScarS), consisting of three components: NSSI scar measurement, NSSI scar cognition, and NSSI scar concealment.Methods A total of 333 Korean adults with at least one NSSI scar and history of NSSI within the last 5 years (age: 18 to 39 years) completed the online survey. We conducted exploratory (n=133) and confirmatory (n=200) factor analyses of NSSI scar cognition. To measure the internal consistency of each subfactor of the scar cognition and scar concealment components, we used Cronbach’s α. Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to measure the test-retest reliability of the entire scale. We also assessed the convergent and construct validity of the K-NSSI-ScarS.Results Factor analyses showed a 5-factor structure consisting of 23 items. Internal consistencies and test-retest reliability were excellent. The moderate correlation between the five subfactors of NSSI scar cognition and related concepts (e.g., acquired capability of suicide) confirmed the convergent validity. Lastly, moderate correlations were found between NSSI scar concealment, self-concealment, NSSI scar measurement information, and the five subfactors of NSSI scar cognition.Conclusion The results verify the psychometric properties and support the necessity of a multidimensional NSSI scar scale.

Background: This study examined the moderating effects of four types of perceived social support on the relation between type D personality and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among ICU and ER nurses.Methods: Data were collected from 223 ICU and ER nurses in university or general hospitals located in Seoul. A questionnaire survey method was used for data collection and SPSS Windows 28.0 and PROCESS Macro Program were used for data analysis.Results: The results showed that only the moderating effect of senior support was statistically significant, while perceived support from family, friends, and coworkers were not. Specifically, the effect of type D personality on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was weaker in ICU and ER nurses who perceived higher social support from senior nurses.Conclusions: The study highlighted the significance of senior support in protecting the psychological health of ICU and ER nurses. Additionally, it addressed the major considerations in developing practical interventions in hospital settings.