Hitesh Panchal

Access to clean and safe drinking water remains a global challenge, particularly in remote and coastal regions where freshwater sources are scarce or contaminated by seawater. Solar stills have emerged as an eco-friendly and sustainable solution to address these challenges by harnessing plentiful solar energy for water distillation. Despite its potential, the widespread adoption of solar still has been hindered by low productivity and intermittent sunlight throughout the day. To overcome these barriers, researchers worldwide have explored a wide array of performance enhancements in active and passive solar still modifications, as well as design modifications to the integration of fins, nanocoatings, and phase-change materials (PCM). This review explores the application of nanomaterials in both active and passive solar stills. It highlights recent advancements, outlines current challenges, and identifies key areas for future research. The integration of nanotechnology into solar stills holds significant promise for enhancing the efficiency of water purification systems, thereby contributing to sustainable solutions for global water scarcity issues.

A solar still is a device that uses sun energy to convert brackish or salted water into drinkable water and its distillate output is lower. In addition, it is the primary issue with the solar still; thus, researchers are looking for fresh ideas to raise the distillate output. The primary goal of this study is to examine the effects of mixing different weight concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of toner waste powder (TWP) nanoparticles with black paint on distillate output and energy–exergy efficiency analysis. Two solar stills of similar dimensions have been used in the current study from February to March 2023 at Palanpur, Gujarat, India. Basin water, inner glass surface temperature, distillate output, and intensity of solar radiation are all monitored hourly for solar stills. This research indicates that the application of TWP coating to absorber plates increased the distillate output, and the highest distillate output of 955 ml was achieved at 10 wt. % concentration of nanoparticles, which is 40.03% higher than a conventional solar still (CSS) and 33.38%, 10.40%, and 30.64% higher than 5, 15, and 20 wt. % concentrations of nanoparticles at the same water depth, respectively. In addition, it was discovered that adding TWP to the solar still enhanced energy and exergy efficiency. Based on this research, it can be concluded that TWP is a suitable, inexpensive resource to boost energy and exergy efficiency and distillate output of solar still.

To enhance my research, I would like to share my knowledge of Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and HIV/AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) through a mathematical model. The study’s objective is to develop and examine the co-disease model for the modern era using mathematical modeling. Based on their modes of transmission, HSV-2 and HIV/AIDS are currently the leading causes of death from infectious and severe chronic diseases. Depending on the severity of HIV-2’s chronic disease, the model is divided into five phases: the first two HIV-2 stages and the remaining three HIV stages. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are arranged differently by each individual. Investigations into the mathematical equation model have revealed the points of equilibrium between the free and endemic models. A study of the developed model was conducted using the basic reproduction numbers [R0] of HSV-2 and HIV. The results demonstrate that if R01, equilibrium endemic states are regarded as existing. Finally, MATLAB software was used to simulate the numerical equations of the model.