Gregorio González-Alcaide

Undergraduate medical education has expanded and diversified substantially over recent decades, yet its global research landscape remains insufficiently characterised. This study aimed to describe the evolution, thematic structure, and scientific impact of research in undergraduate medical education. A bibliometric analysis was conducted of all original articles and reviews indexed in MEDLINE under the Medical Subject Headings descriptor “Education, Medical, Undergraduate” up to 15 November 2025, using Scopus to retrieve affiliation and citation data. Publication trends, countries, journals, subject categories, MeSH terms, citations, and thematic co-occurrence were analysed. A total of 24,149 publications were included, mostly original articles. Scientific output increased markedly over time, with almost half of all publications appearing in the last fifteen years. Output was largely concentrated in English-speaking countries, led by the United States, and in a relatively small number of specialised journals. The most frequent descriptors related to medical students, curriculum, assessment and clinical competence. Over time, learner-centred descriptors gained prominence, whereas those related to teaching organisation and postgraduate training declined in relative terms. Undergraduate medical education has developed into a well-established and increasingly diversified research field, with a gradual change in emphasis towards student-centred learning, competency development, assessment, clinical training, and educational outcomes.

La carrera académica de la Educación Superior en España está regulada por la obtención de acreditaciones a las diferentes figuras que la conforman. Se estudia la percepción del personal docente e investigador acerca de las funciones de las agencias de acreditación y la gestión de estos procesos. Se utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado con preguntas cerradas de escala Likert y abiertas. La muestra estuvo conformada por 2.501 académicos (56,38 % hombres y 43,62 % mujeres). Únicamente un 32,03% aprobó la gestión de las acreditaciones y un 77,89 % manifestó que asume una excesiva carga burocrática. Se identificaron cuatro factores generadores de malestar: inestabilidad y aplicación retroactiva de los criterios de evaluación, opacidad y subjetividad de los dictámenes de las comisiones, excesiva burocracia, y desajuste estructural que penaliza la docencia frente a la investigación. El actual modelo de acreditación ejerce un impacto negativo sobre la identidad profesional y el bienestar del profesorado, que más allá de redefinir los criterios de evaluación, exige la creación de una cultura de confianza institucional para que las agencias acreditadoras sean percibidas como instrumentos útiles, de retroalimentación constructiva y no como barreras o mecanismos punitivos; así como favorecer una gestión más eficaz y limitar la excesiva burocracia.

Introducción. Las conductas abusivas, incívicas y tóxicas en el ámbito académico son fenómenos que han despertado un interés creciente por parte de la investigación, que ha alertado acerca de su carácter extendido, las particularidades que presentan frente a otros ámbitos laborales, así como las dificultades para su identificación y abordaje efectivo. Metodología. Se ha identificado la literatura específica publicada en relación con todas estas conductas, con el propósito de determinar el carácter emergente de esta área de conocimiento, cuáles son las temáticas abordadas, los estudios que referencia que han fundamentado el conocimiento existente y las respuestas ofrecidas por la academia. Para ello, se ha efectuado una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos Scopus, analizando cuantitativamente la producción científica y la literatura citada. Resultados y discusión. La producción científica presenta un carácter moderado (n=253 documentos publicados en el período 1986-2025), aunque con un importante crecimiento a partir de la década del 2010, impulsado por una comunidad incipiente de investigadores. Una parte importante de la literatura citada que fundamenta el conocimiento del área se basa en los abusos referidos a otros ámbitos laborales o colectivos, si bien, se ha identificado un destacado corpus documental específico. Los resultados presentados permiten caracterizar el ámbito de investigación analizado como un área emergente a la que se debe prestar una especial atención, por su relevancia para asegurar un desarrollo digno de la carrera académica de los docentes e investigadores y evitar un daño reputacional de las instituciones y de la ciencia en su conjunto.

Background: Severe burns represent a major public health burden in middle‐income countries. This study describes the epidemiological profile and identifies independent prognostic factors for in‐hospital mortality in patients with severe burns treated at the national referral center of the Dominican Republic over a 32‐year period. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including 5941 adult patients with severe burns admitted between 1993 and 2024. Epidemiological, clinical, and outcome data were analyzed. Independent predictors of mortality were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The cohort was predominantly male (73.5%) with a median age of 34 years. The most common etiology was flame burns (58.2%). The median total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 25%. The overall mortality rate was 28.2%, remaining stable across four eight‐year periods. In the adjusted analysis, the strongest independent predictors of mortality were TBSA ≥ 40% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12.00), age ≥ 65 years (aOR 6.18), the presence of a full‐thickness (third‐degree) component (aOR 2.69), and female sex (aOR 1.23). Conclusion: Mortality from severe burns remains high and stable over time, driven predominantly by burn extent, depth, and patient age. These findings underscore the critical need to strengthen prehospital care systems and target prevention strategies toward domestic flame and scald risks in similar settings.

Background: Chemical burns represent a persistent global health challenge due to their high prevalence, causing lifelong disabilities and socioeconomic burdens. Although research on chemical burns has expanded over the past century, no comprehensive study has mapped the intellectual structure, global collaboration patterns, and thematic evolution of scientific production on chemical burns to determine how research in the area has evolved and the existence of gaps or imbalances that need to be addressed. Objective: The aim was to analyze the scientific production on chemical burns using bibliometric methods, identifying key contributors, evolving themes, and research gaps. Methods: Eligible documents contained the MeSH descriptor and were listed both in PubMed (1946 to 2024) and in the Web of Science Core Collection. The documents were analyzed with Bibliometrix version 5.0 and VOSviewer version 1.6.20. The metrics included were annual productivity, citation networks, co-authorship patterns, and keyword co-occurrence. Results: The analysis included 3943 articles from 757 journals. The annual average was 25.8 articles, with a growth rate of 0.65% from 1946 to 2024. The USA produced the most articles (n = 1547), followed by China (n = 890). The USA also led in international collaboration, working with 26 countries. Harvard University was the leading institution (n = 325) and Burns the leading journal (n = 306), followed by Cornea (n = 132). The most common subject category of the research was surgery (n = 1185 docs) and ophthalmology (n = 984). Reim M. was the most prolific author (n = 35), while Basu S. had the most citations (n = 1159). The main clinical MeSH descriptors were “Eye burns” (n = 1158), “Esophageal stenosis” (n = 683), and “Caustics” (n = 659). Conclusions: The results show slight growth in scientific production on chemical burns. The USA and China are leading research in this field, and the main reported finding was eye burns.

Electrical burns constitute a serious public health challenge. It is crucial to identify trends, advancements, and possible future research areas in this field. The aim is to analyze the scientific production on electrical burns using bibliometric methods. Eligible documents contained the MeSH descriptor “Burns, Electric” and were listed both in PubMed and in the Web of Science Core collection. The bibliometric analysis was based on several quantitative indicators. The analysis included 1456 articles from 455 journals. The annual average was 28.1 articles, with a growth rate of 2.08% from 1946 to 2024. The United States produced the most articles (n = 657), followed by China (n = 184). The United States also led in international collaboration, working with 26 countries. Harvard University was the leading institution (n = 85) and Burns the leading journal (n = 265). The most common subject category of the research was Surgery (31.97% of documents). Wang XW was the most prolific author (n = 21), while Lee RC had the most citations (n = 648). The main clinical MeSH descriptors were “Surgical flaps” (n = 233), “Skin transplantation” (n = 159), and “Electric injuries” (n = 136). The results show slight growth in scientific production on electrical burns. The United States is leading research in this field.

Background: Identifying the most highly cited papers in a given field can help researchers and professionals understand the milestones and research areas that are generating the most impact. This study aimed to identify and describe the 50 most frequently cited manuscripts on cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis. Methods: We identified the 50 most cited papers (articles and reviews) on cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis from the MEDLINE database and indexed in Web of Science-Core Collection, analyzing their bibliographic and content characteristics. Results: The most cited documents comprised 29 (58%) original articles and 21 (42%) reviews, the bulk of which were narrative reviews (n = 17), with a negligible presence of other types of reviews with high-level scientific evidence. Six journals published 42% of the articles. In addition to the USA, Mexico and Peru were prominent countries of origin among leading researchers. The main research topics were the central nervous system and epilepsy on the one hand, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches on the other. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the dissemination of knowledge about cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis in recent decades, identifying the most highly cited contributions that have driven research in the field.

Se analiza la participación de la mujer en las revistas españolas del área de la Sociología a lo largo del período 2001-2005, aplicando para ello técnicas bibliométricas y Análisis de Redes Sociales. Existe un predominio de los hombres (75,08% de los autores) frente a las mujeres (24,92%), pese a que estas últimas son mayoritarias en la finalización de estudios universitarios. La desigualdad se comienza a percibir desde el inicio de la trayectoria investigadora y profesional, intensificándose con el tiempo, de forma que sólo un número muy reducido de las mismas alcanza los puestos más elevados del escalafón académico, que se corresponden con los autores de más elevada productividad. En relación con ello, se ha observado un fenómeno de cuello de botella según el cual el número de autoras se va reduciendo a medida que se aumenta el umbral de productividad. Se debe profundizar en el análisis de las barreras que dificultan el desarrollo de la trayectoria profesional de las mujeres y realizar un seguimiento diacrónico de la ocupación de puestos profesionales y de su contribución en las publicaciones.

A lo largo del último año se ha producido una eclosión de las aplicaciones de inteligen-cia artificial que permiten generar todo tipo de contenidos, lo que ha causado un pro-fundo impacto a todos los niveles y particularmente en el ámbito educativo. Estas herramientas plantean un contexto disruptivo sin precedentes en relación con el acceso a la información, derivado de su carácter interactivo, contextual y generativo, cuyas implicaciones probablemente van mucho más allá que otras innovaciones precedentes y exigen una reacción de la academia, que debe fundamentarse en unas políticas y directrices claras, alineadas con los principios de la integridad académica y las eviden-cias científicas existentes.