Fu-Hu Liu
Shanxi University
8 shared publications
Ya-Zhou Wang
Department of Physics Shanxi University 030006 Taiyuan Shanxi China
6 shared publications
Fu-Hu Liu
College of Physics and Electronics Engineering State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Shanxi University 030006 Taiyuan China
4 shared publications
Yuan-Yuan Guo
Department of Physics Shanxi University 030006 Taiyuan Shanxi China
4 shared publications
Hong-Wei Dong
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
3 shared publications
Ting Bai
Department of Physics Shanxi University 030006 Taiyuan Shanxi China
3 shared publications

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Cited by 1
- 13 September 2023
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Physics
Properties of the particle distribution in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV and sNN=2.76 TeV
by Yan-Feng Geng, Bao-Chun Li
Properties of the particle distribution in high energy heavy-ion collisions are important for understanding the particle production. In Tsallis statistics with a multisource production, we study the transverse momentum spectra of $D^{0}$ , $D^{+}$ , $D^{* +}$ , $D_{s}^{+}$ , $J / ψ$ in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}$ = 5.02 TeV and charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}$ = 2.76 TeV. A good agreement can be observed between the results obtained in the model and the experimental results of ALICE and CMS collaboration. The nuclear modification factor $R_{A A}$ is reproduced. Properties reflected in the multiparticle system are discussed by the parameters provided in the improved model. It is found that the temperature T and the $t_{f t} / τ$ increase with the centrality for the same particle due to the excitation degree of the multiparticle system. The non-equilibrium degree at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}$ = 5.02 TeV is larger than that at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}$ = 2.76 TeV. It shows that the system at the larger collision energy deviates farther from the equilibrium state.
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- 13 September 2023
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Physics
Open Access
Properties of the particle distribution in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV and sNN=2.76 TeV
by Yan-Feng Geng, Bao-Chun Li
Properties of the particle distribution in high energy heavy-ion collisions are important for understanding the particle production. In Tsallis statistics with a multisource production, we study the transverse momentum spectra of $D^{0}$ , $D^{+}$ , $D^{* +}$ , $D_{s}^{+}$ , $J / ψ$ in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}$ = 5.02 TeV and charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}$ = 2.76 TeV. A good agreement can be observed between the results obtained in the model and the experimental results of ALICE and CMS collaboration. The nuclear modification factor $R_{A A}$ is reproduced. Properties reflected in the multiparticle system are discussed by the parameters provided in the improved model. It is found that the temperature T and the $t_{f t} / τ$ increase with the centrality for the same particle due to the excitation degree of the multiparticle system. The non-equilibrium degree at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}$ = 5.02 TeV is larger than that at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}$ = 2.76 TeV. It shows that the system at the larger collision energy deviates farther from the equilibrium state.
Cited by 1
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Cited by 1
- 13 February 2022
- Published by MDPI AG in Universe
Statistical Thermal Model for Particle Production in pp Collisions at RHIC and LHC Energies
by Jiayu Chen, Baochun Li, Xinjian Wen, Hongwei Dong
In this paper, an improved multi-source thermal model is used to analyze the transverse momentum spectra in $p p$ collisions at high energies, ranging from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV to 7 TeV. Via a detailed comparison between the model results and experimental data at RHIC and LHC energies, the thermodynamic properties of particle production are decided. It is shown that the excitation factors of emission sources depend linearly on ln $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ in the framework. Based on the variation regularity of the source excitation factors, transverse momentum spectra are predicted in $p p$ collisions at higher energies; potential future $p p$ colliders operating at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 33 and 100 TeV.
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- 13 February 2022
- Published by MDPI AG in Universe
Open Access
Statistical Thermal Model for Particle Production in pp Collisions at RHIC and LHC Energies
by Jiayu Chen, Baochun Li, Xinjian Wen, Hongwei Dong
In this paper, an improved multi-source thermal model is used to analyze the transverse momentum spectra in $p p$ collisions at high energies, ranging from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV to 7 TeV. Via a detailed comparison between the model results and experimental data at RHIC and LHC energies, the thermodynamic properties of particle production are decided. It is shown that the excitation factors of emission sources depend linearly on ln $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ in the framework. Based on the variation regularity of the source excitation factors, transverse momentum spectra are predicted in $p p$ collisions at higher energies; potential future $p p$ colliders operating at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 33 and 100 TeV.
Cited by 1
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Cited by 2
- 11 February 2020
- Published by Wiley in Advances in High Energy Physics
Investigation of Particle Distributions in Xe-Xe Collision at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.44$ TeV with the Tsallis Statistics
by Hai-Fu Zhao, Bao-Chun Li, Hong-Wei Dong
The distribution characteristic of final-state particles is one of the significant parts in high-energy nuclear collisions. The transverse momentum distribution of charged particles carries essential evolution information about the collision system. The Tsallis statistics is used to investigate the transverse momentum distribution of charged particles produced in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.44$ TeV. On this basis, we reproduce the nuclear modification factor of the charged particles. The calculated results agree approximately with the experimental data measured by the ALICE Collaboration.
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- 11 February 2020
- Published by Wiley in Advances in High Energy Physics
Open Access
Investigation of Particle Distributions in Xe-Xe Collision at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.44$ TeV with the Tsallis Statistics
by Hai-Fu Zhao, Bao-Chun Li, Hong-Wei Dong
The distribution characteristic of final-state particles is one of the significant parts in high-energy nuclear collisions. The transverse momentum distribution of charged particles carries essential evolution information about the collision system. The Tsallis statistics is used to investigate the transverse momentum distribution of charged particles produced in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.44$ TeV. On this basis, we reproduce the nuclear modification factor of the charged particles. The calculated results agree approximately with the experimental data measured by the ALICE Collaboration.
Cited by 2
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Cited by 2
- 1 February 2020
- Published by Wiley in Advances in High Energy Physics
Transverse Momentum and Pseudorapidity Dependence of Particle Production in Xe–Xe Collision at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.44$ TeV
by Zhang-Li Guo, Bao-Chun Li, Hong-Wei Dong
Through the collision-system configuration, the Tsallis statistics is combined with a multisource thermal model. The improved model is used to investigate the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of particles produced in Xe–Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.44$ TeV. We discuss detailedly the thermodynamic properties, which are taken from the transverse momentum $p_{T}$ distributions of $π$ , $K$ , and $p$ for different centralities. The pseudorapidity $η$ spectra of charged particles for different centralities are described consistently in the model. And, the model result can estimate intuitively the longitudinal configuration of the collision system.
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- 1 February 2020
- Published by Wiley in Advances in High Energy Physics
Open Access
Transverse Momentum and Pseudorapidity Dependence of Particle Production in Xe–Xe Collision at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.44$ TeV
by Zhang-Li Guo, Bao-Chun Li, Hong-Wei Dong
Through the collision-system configuration, the Tsallis statistics is combined with a multisource thermal model. The improved model is used to investigate the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of particles produced in Xe–Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.44$ TeV. We discuss detailedly the thermodynamic properties, which are taken from the transverse momentum $p_{T}$ distributions of $π$ , $K$ , and $p$ for different centralities. The pseudorapidity $η$ spectra of charged particles for different centralities are described consistently in the model. And, the model result can estimate intuitively the longitudinal configuration of the collision system.
Cited by 2
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Cited by 32
- 8 January 2020
- Published by Wiley in Advances in High Energy Physics
Kinetic Freeze-Out Temperature and Transverse Flow Velocity in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC-BES Energies
by Muhammad Waqas, Bao-Chun Li
By using the method of data-driven reanalysis, the midrapidity transverse momentum $(p_{T})$ spectra of charged hadrons ( $π^{+}$ , $K^{+}$ , and $p$ ) produced in central and peripheral gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are fitted by using the blast-wave model with the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. The model results are in agreement with the experimental data measured by the STAR Collaboration at the RHIC-BES energies. We observe that the kinetic freeze-out temperature $(T_{0})$ , transverse flow velocity $(β_{T})$ , mean transverse momentum $(〈p_{T}〉)$ , and initial temperature $(T_{i})$ increase with collision energy as well as with event centrality.
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- 8 January 2020
- Published by Wiley in Advances in High Energy Physics
Open Access
Kinetic Freeze-Out Temperature and Transverse Flow Velocity in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC-BES Energies
by Muhammad Waqas, Bao-Chun Li
By using the method of data-driven reanalysis, the midrapidity transverse momentum $(p_{T})$ spectra of charged hadrons ( $π^{+}$ , $K^{+}$ , and $p$ ) produced in central and peripheral gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are fitted by using the blast-wave model with the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. The model results are in agreement with the experimental data measured by the STAR Collaboration at the RHIC-BES energies. We observe that the kinetic freeze-out temperature $(T_{0})$ , transverse flow velocity $(β_{T})$ , mean transverse momentum $(〈p_{T}〉)$ , and initial temperature $(T_{i})$ increase with collision energy as well as with event centrality.
Cited by 32
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- 13 November 2019
- Published by arXiv in arXiv
Multisource thermal model to the transverse momentum spectra in pp collisions at RHIC and LHC energies
by Bao-Chun Li, Hai-Fu Zhao, Fu-Hu Liu, Xin-Jian Wen, Hong-Wei Dong
In this paper, an improved multi-source thermal model is used to analyze the transverse momentum spectra in $pp$ collisions at high energies ranging from $\sqrt{\mathrm{\it s_{NN}}}$ = 62.4 GeV to 7 TeV. We give a detailed comparison between the theoretical results and experimental data at RHIC and LHC energies. It is shown that the excitation factors of emission sources depend linearly on ln$\sqrt{\mathrm{\it s_{NN}}}$ in the framework. Based on the variation regularity of the source-excitation factors, transverse momentum spectra are predicted in $pp$ collisions at higher energies, potential future $pp$ colliders operating at $\sqrt{\mathrm{\it s_{NN}}}$ = 33 and 100 TeV.
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- 13 November 2019
- Published by arXiv in arXiv
Open Access
Multisource thermal model to the transverse momentum spectra in pp collisions at RHIC and LHC energies
by Bao-Chun Li, Hai-Fu Zhao, Fu-Hu Liu, Xin-Jian Wen, Hong-Wei Dong
In this paper, an improved multi-source thermal model is used to analyze the transverse momentum spectra in $pp$ collisions at high energies ranging from $\sqrt{\mathrm{\it s_{NN}}}$ = 62.4 GeV to 7 TeV. We give a detailed comparison between the theoretical results and experimental data at RHIC and LHC energies. It is shown that the excitation factors of emission sources depend linearly on ln$\sqrt{\mathrm{\it s_{NN}}}$ in the framework. Based on the variation regularity of the source-excitation factors, transverse momentum spectra are predicted in $pp$ collisions at higher energies, potential future $pp$ colliders operating at $\sqrt{\mathrm{\it s_{NN}}}$ = 33 and 100 TeV.
Open Access
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Google Scholar
- 25 September 2019
- Published by arXiv in arXiv
Kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in Au-Au collisions at RHIC-BES energies
by Muhammad Waqas, Bao-Chun Li
Based on the data-driven analysis, the mid-rapidity transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons produced in central and peripheral gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are fitted by the blast-wave model with Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. The model result are in agreement with the experimental data measured by the STAR Collaboration at the RHIC-BES energies. We observe that the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, mean transverse momentum, and initial temperature increase with the collision energy and with the event centrality.
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Google Scholar
- 25 September 2019
- Published by arXiv in arXiv
Open Access
Kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in Au-Au collisions at RHIC-BES energies
by Muhammad Waqas, Bao-Chun Li
Based on the data-driven analysis, the mid-rapidity transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons produced in central and peripheral gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are fitted by the blast-wave model with Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. The model result are in agreement with the experimental data measured by the STAR Collaboration at the RHIC-BES energies. We observe that the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, mean transverse momentum, and initial temperature increase with the collision energy and with the event centrality.
Open Access
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Cited by 6
- 22 May 2019
- Published by Wiley in Advances in High Energy Physics
Rapidity Dependent Transverse Momentum Spectra of Heavy Quarkonia Produced in Small Collision Systems at the LHC
by Li-Na Gao, Fu-Hu Liu, Bao-Chun Li
The rapidity dependent transverse momentum spectra of heavy quarkonia ( $J / ψ$ and $Υ$ mesons) produced in small collision systems such as proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at center-of-mass energy (per nucleon pair) $\sqrt{s}$ ( $\sqrt{s_{N N}}$ ) = 5-13 TeV are described by a two-component statistical model which is based on the Tsallis statistics and inverse power-law. The experimental data measured by the LHCb Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are well fitted by the model results. The related parameters are obtained and the dependence of parameters on rapidity is analyzed.
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- 22 May 2019
- Published by Wiley in Advances in High Energy Physics
Open Access
Rapidity Dependent Transverse Momentum Spectra of Heavy Quarkonia Produced in Small Collision Systems at the LHC
by Li-Na Gao, Fu-Hu Liu, Bao-Chun Li
The rapidity dependent transverse momentum spectra of heavy quarkonia ( $J / ψ$ and $Υ$ mesons) produced in small collision systems such as proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at center-of-mass energy (per nucleon pair) $\sqrt{s}$ ( $\sqrt{s_{N N}}$ ) = 5-13 TeV are described by a two-component statistical model which is based on the Tsallis statistics and inverse power-law. The experimental data measured by the LHCb Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are well fitted by the model results. The related parameters are obtained and the dependence of parameters on rapidity is analyzed.
Cited by 6
Open Access
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- 5 May 2019
- Published by arXiv in arXiv
Rapidity dependent transverse momentum spectra of heavy quarkonia produced in small collision systems at the LHC
by Li-Na Gao, Fu-Hu Liu, Bao-Chun Li
The rapidity dependent transverse momentum spectra of heavy quarkonia (J/psi and Upsilon mesons) produced in small collision systems such as proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at center-of-mass energy (per nucleon pair) 5-13 TeV are described by a two-component statistical model which is based on the Tsallis statistics and inverse power-law. The experimental data measured by the LHCb Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are well fitted by the model results. The related parameters are obtained and the dependences of parameters on rapidity are analyzed.
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Google Scholar
- 5 May 2019
- Published by arXiv in arXiv
Open Access
Rapidity dependent transverse momentum spectra of heavy quarkonia produced in small collision systems at the LHC
by Li-Na Gao, Fu-Hu Liu, Bao-Chun Li
The rapidity dependent transverse momentum spectra of heavy quarkonia (J/psi and Upsilon mesons) produced in small collision systems such as proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at center-of-mass energy (per nucleon pair) 5-13 TeV are described by a two-component statistical model which is based on the Tsallis statistics and inverse power-law. The experimental data measured by the LHCb Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are well fitted by the model results. The related parameters are obtained and the dependences of parameters on rapidity are analyzed.
Open Access
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Cited by 1
- 30 September 2018
- Published by Wiley in Advances in High Energy Physics
Angular Dependence of $η$ Photoproduction in Photon-Induced Reaction
by Jun-Zhen Wang, Bao-Chun Li
Photoproduction of $η$ mesons from nucleons can provide valuable information about the excitation spectrum of the nucleons. The angular dependence of $η$ photoproduction in the photon-induced reaction is investigated in the multisource thermal model. The results are compared with experimental data from the $η \to 3 π^{0} \to 6 γ$ decay mode. They are in good agreement with the experimental data. It is shown that the movement factor increases linearly with the photon beam energies. And the deformation and translation of emission sources are visually given in the formalism.
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- 30 September 2018
- Published by Wiley in Advances in High Energy Physics
Open Access
Angular Dependence of $η$ Photoproduction in Photon-Induced Reaction
by Jun-Zhen Wang, Bao-Chun Li
Photoproduction of $η$ mesons from nucleons can provide valuable information about the excitation spectrum of the nucleons. The angular dependence of $η$ photoproduction in the photon-induced reaction is investigated in the multisource thermal model. The results are compared with experimental data from the $η \to 3 π^{0} \to 6 γ$ decay mode. They are in good agreement with the experimental data. It is shown that the movement factor increases linearly with the photon beam energies. And the deformation and translation of emission sources are visually given in the formalism.
Cited by 1

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