Dalva Paulus

Essential oils have been used as a natural alternative in the prevention and treatment of diseases that affect human health. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia, Pogostemon cablin, Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Hedyosmun brasiliense, Psidium guajava, Baccharis dracunculifolia and Schinus terebinthifolius against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity was determined by microdilution in broth, showing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The chemical composition of the evaluated oils was based on monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The essential oil of Thymus vulgaris was highlighted with MIC of 0.195 and MBC of 1.56 µl/ml against S. aureus, 0.195 and 50 µl/ml for S. enteritidis; 0.390 µl/ml and 0.780 µl/ml for E. coli and 0.780 and 12.5 µl/ml against P. aeruginosa, respectively. The variability of specific components of the essential oils is very interesting and of economic importance, due to the therapeutic and aromatizing potential of these oils. The oils of L. angustifólia, T. vulgaris, R. officinalis, B. dracunculifolia, P. guajava and S. terebinthifolius showed activity in vitro against S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis and stronger for P. aeruginosa. The oil of Thymus vulgaris presented the best results when its antibacterial activities were evaluated. The evaluated oils had an inhibitory effect on the microorganisms studied and the gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the effects of the essential oils when compared to the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oils evaluated in this study represent an important alternative for controlling bacterial infections.

A cultura do pepino (Cucumis sativus) se apresenta como alternativa de diversificação de renda para agricultura familiar. Para essa cultura o uso de bioativadores de solo e mulchings podem resultar em ganhos de produtividade e frutos de qualidade, contribuindo para uma agricultura sustentável. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a temperatura e umidade do solo, crescimento, produtividade e a qualidade do pepino com a utilização de bioativador de solo e mulching orgânico. O experimento foi em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, onde fator 1 bioativador com e sem aplicação de bioativador, e o fator 2 mulching, formado com solo coberto pela aveia preta e sem mulching, com cinco repetições. A cultivar de pepino avaliada foi Amour. Verificamos que a presença do mulching orgânico conserva a umidade do solo na camada de 0-20 e 20-40cm e reduz a temperatura do solo, o que favoreceu a retenção de umidade e conforto térmico para as plantas nos horários mais quentes do dia. A altura de planta (350,03 cm) e o índice relativo de clorofila (54,00) foram significativamente maiores no cultivo com mulching e bioativador de solo. Da mesma forma ocorreram aumentos na massa fresca total de frutos (2,25 kg planta-1), de produtividade (55,6 t ha-1), teor de sólidos solúveis (5,75%) e acidez total titulável (0,14%), resultando em frutos mais doces e de qualidade para indústria de conserva. O bioativador de solo e o mulching com cobertura orgânica (palha de aveia) reduziram a temperatura do solo, e contribuíram para ganhos de produtividade e qualidade dos frutos, sendo práticas de manejo sustentáveis para a cultura do pepino.

O cultivo do morangueiro em substrato permite uma produção mais sustentável, pela economia de água, menor uso de agroquímicos e com isso reduzindo a contaminação do fruto, além de proporcionar melhor aproveitamento da área e maior facilidade de manejo da cultura. Pesquisas sobre soluções nutritivas, bem como a adaptação das cultivares são importantes para adequar o manejo e qualidade do morangueiro em substrato. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, produção e qualidade do morangueiro sob quatro condutividades elétricas da solução nutritiva cultivado em substrato. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Campus Dois Vizinhos, Paraná. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial, fator 1: cultivares - Camino Real e Monterrey e fator 2: faixas de condutividade elétrica (CE) da solução nutritiva: 1,0; 1,3; 1,6 e 1,9 (±0,1) dS m^-1 com quatro repetições. A clorofila total na cultivar Camino Real e na condutividade de 1,3 dS m^-1 apresentaram os maiores valores (60,73). A cultivar Monterrey resultou em maior número de frutos (32 frutos) em relação a Camino Real (28 frutos). O fator condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva não apresentou diferença significativa para o número de frutos. A produção da cultivar Monterrey (519,26 g planta^-1) foi maior em relação a da Camino Real (466,44 g planta ^-1). Os sólidos solúveis não foram influenciados pelas cultivares e condutividades elétricas testadas, com valor médio de 5,21° Brix. A acidez da cultivar Monterrey (0,85%) foi menor em 0,10 % quando comparada com a Camino Real (0,95%), da mesma forma a condutividade elétrica de 1,0 dS m^-1 aumentou a acidez para 1,02 %. Verificamos que condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva acima de 1,0 dS m^-1 em fertirrigação constante causou salinização do substrato e toxidez por sais nas plantas de morangueiro. As cultivares Camino Real e Monterrey produziram frutos de qualidade.

El gladiolo se considera una de las diez flores de corte más cultivadas en Brasil. Se pretendió evaluar la calidad pre y poscosecha de los tallos de gladiolo y diferentes soluciones de mantenimiento sobre la durabilidad y calidad poscosecha del gladiolo. El cultivar estudiado fue Red Beauty. Para evaluar la calidad precosecha de los tallos en el punto de cosecha 1 (tres primeras flores que muestran color), se evaluó la longitud total de los tallos, la longitud del tallo floral y el diámetro del tallo del gladiolo. Los tallos florales se clasificaron según las normas de calidad establecidas por la cooperativa Veiling Holambra. Para la evaluación poscosecha, el experimento fue totalmente aleatorizado con cinco soluciones de mantenimiento (T1 – agua destilada; T2 – agua destilada + azúcar; T3 agua destilada + 5% azúcar +5% ácido cítrico; T4 – agua destilada + 5% nitrato de potasio; T5 – agua destilada + 5% de ácido cítrico) y cuatro repeticiones compuestas por cuatro tallos de gladiolos. Las variables analizadas fueron número de flores con color, número total de flores, número de flores abiertas, la senescencia de la primera flor y el color de la flor. La durabilidad se evaluó considerando el 50% de floretes senescentes y el número de racimos abiertos. Se concluyó que los tallos del cultivar Red beauty estuvieron dentro de los estándares de calidad de Veiling Holambra con 58% de los tallos en la clase 90 y un 42% de los tallos en la clase 75 y un 0% de tallos desclasificados. Las soluciones de mantenimiento no interfirieron en la durabilidad post-cosecha. La durabilidad de los tallos de gladiolo fue de cinco días. La calidad poscosecha de las flores disminuyó con el paso de los días a temperatura ambiente. La mejor calidad de las flores, con menos flores senescentes (dos floretes) se observó en el tratamiento 5 (agua destilada + 5% de ácido cítrico).

To reduce the risks associated with the production of gladiolus flowers in the climatic conditions of southwestern Paraná, Brazil, this study characterized the growth, development, and floral stem quality of plants cultivated under different-colored shade nets and mulching in four growing seasons. The gladiolus cultivar ‘White Goddess’ was grown in beds with and without mulching in the soil. Three shade nets individually stained black, silver, and red all with 35% shading, were used in this study, and an additional treatment (control) in which plants were grown in full sun. Growth (LAI and height), development (cycle in days, and degree days), and flower quality (size and damaged stem) were evaluated in eight plants in each treatment. Plants were distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (season x mulching x shade screen). The cycle ranged from 66 to 89 days and 1732 to 1268°C day. The mean difference in the cycle between treatments was 3 days. Less flower stem damage happened under the silver net and more in full sun. The shading net associated with mulching favored the growth characteristics of the plants, and in autumn, the flowers had the highest quality standard.

Mathematical models that simulate crop development are important tools to help growers plan management practices and harvest time for cut flowers such as gladiolus. The objective of this work was to validate the PhenoGlad model for the State of Paraná, determining the planting date for marketing flowers for the Day of the Dead, and the quality of the floral stems. The validation of the PhenoGlad model was carried out through field tests in five towns in the State of Paraná, namely: Cascavel, Dois Vizinhos, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Palotina, and Santa Helena. The experiments were carried out during the year 2019. The PhenoGlad model was run for each location and year of meteorological data for the early, The PhenoGlad model was simulated for each location and period of meteorological data available at each weather station in these towns, and for the early, intermediate II, and late development cycles. The planting date was determined through the average of the dates (Julian days) for each simulated year. The variables analyzed were the stages of development according to the phenological scale of the culture, the number of leaves, the average number of florets, and the classification of floral stems according to the quality standards of Veilling Holambra. The PhenoGlad model showed accuracy in simulating the stages of development of gladiolus culture in the state of Paraná and is also suitable for predicting the damage caused by extreme temperatures in floral stems, which was confirmed by the damage caused to sepals and petals of gladiolus in field experiments in the towns of Cascavel, Dois Vizinhos, Palotina, and Santa Helena. The best model performance was observed when simulating the vegetative period of the crop, presenting a low error of 0.54 leaf. In the state of Paraná, for the production of floral stems for the Day of the Dead, the PhenoGlad model simulated the planting dates in the different towns studied from August 1 to August 23. The towns of Cascavel and Marechal Cândido Rondon presented a higher number of florets and higher quality of floral stems than the other towns evaluated.

To reduce the risks associated with the production of gladiolus flowers in the climatic conditions of southwestern Paraná, Brazil, this study characterized the growth, development, and floral stem quality of plants cultivated under different-colored shade nets and mulching in four growing seasons. The gladiolus cultivar ‘White Goddess’ was grown in beds with and without mulching in the soil. Three shade nets individually stained black, silver and red all with 35% shading, were used in this study, and an additional treatment (control) in which plants were grown in full sun. Growth (LAI and height), development (cycle in days, and degree-days), and flower quality (size and stem damage) were evaluated in eight plants in each treatment. Plants were distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (season x mulching x shade screen). The cycle ranged from 66 to 89 days and 1732 to 1268°C day. The mean difference of the cycle between treatments was 3 days. Less floral stem damage happened under silver net and was more in full sun. The shading net associated with mulching favored the growth characteristics of the plants, and in autumn, the flowers had the highest quality standard.