Ilker Gunyeli

Objective: The TUBITAK Nature and Science School Project aimed to train teachers in schools connected with National Education in the Isparta province to raise awareness of smoking and its harm. Material and Method: Two hundred and thirty-one teachers (112 (48.48%) men and 119 (51.52%) women) participated in the training. A pre-test and post-test control group-free experimental study design was applied to measure training effectiveness during the Respiratory School project. At the end of the training, participants were asked to write their positive and negative feedback about the project using the so-called critical events technique. The questionnaire included information on satisfaction with education and trainers, demographic characteristics and thoughts about smoking, and the effect of education. A total of 196 participants completed the questionnaire. Results: Most participants were women (52.9%) aged 36 to 45 (46.2%). Most of the participants had teaching experience between 16 and 25 years. There was a significant improvement in correct answers between the pre-test and the post-test on all training days (p < 0.001). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.904, and the average response to training questions was 4.68. The reliability of our findings is underscored by a Cronbach alpha value of 0.969, with a mean expression score of 4.77, highlighting the reliability of the participants' responses. Approximately 26% of the participants (n=44) reported smoking. However, the incidence of smoking among family members of the participants was markedly higher, 47.9% (n=79). Similarly, the proportion of participants who had a spouse smoking was noteworthy (31.4%; n=48). had attempted to quit smoking at some point, but only three participants (5.8%) sought help in their quitting efforts. Of the participants, 75% (n=33) acknowledged that they had quit smoking but later resumed. Conclusion: The teachers who participated in the training found it helpful and increased targeted awareness.

Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore the possible deleterious effects of Methotrexate (MTX) treatment on the urogenital tissues and the potential protective effects of Astaxanthin (AXA). Methods Twenty-four female Wistar Albino rats (12 months old) were divided into 3 groups as follows: Group I (Control group): rats received a single dose of 0.1 ml saline by gavage and intraperitoneal injection. Group II (MTX group): rats received a single dose of 20 mg/kg MTX, i.p, on the 2nd day. Group III (MTX + AXA group): rats received 100 mg/kg AXA orally for 7 days in addition to a single dose of MTX. The levels of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and histopathological and immunohistochemical markers (Caspase-3, iNOS, CRP, G-CSF) were evaluated in urogenital tissues. Results In ovarian tissues, a statistically significant increase in TOS levels (p = 0.001) and OSI index (p = 0.028) were observed in Group II compared to Group I. TAS level was significantly higher in Group III compared to Group II and I (p = 0.009 and 0.002, respectively). However, a significant decrease in OSI level was observed in Group III compared to Group II (p = 0.035). In fallopian tube tissues, TAS level was significantly decreased in Group II compared to Group I (p = 0.047). Histopathologically, marked hyperemia was observed in MTX group. AXA treatment ameliorated all the pathological findings. Immunohistochemically, all the studied markers were considerably increased in Group II, however, they were decreased by AXA. Conclusion These findings revealed that MTX treatment caused oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the urogenital tissue. We found that AXA significantly ameliorated the damage caused by MTX in the urogenital tissue. The results of the study have indicated that AXA may be a promising nutritional support substance against the damage caused by chemotherapeutic and cytotoxic agents, such as MTX, to the urogenital tissue.

Objective Triage with HPV genotyping has some caveats and debates for HPV positive cases other than 16 and 18. The Swede score colposcopic scoring system has not previously been evaluated in this group of patients. Objective To use the Swede score colposcopic scoring system to compare scores and final histopathological results in women who have undergone colposcopy owing to infection with high risk-HPVs other than HPV16 and 18 and to establish new cut-off values to predict pre-malignant lesions in this group of patients. Methods This study was conducted in 613 women undergoing colposcopic evaluation because of abnormal cervical cytology together with high-risk HPV infection. All patients referred were evaluated by an expert colposcopist, given a Swede score (using the Swede score colposcopic scoring system) by using five variables (acetowhiteness, margins plus surface, vessel pattern, lesion size, and iodine staining), and had at least one biopsy procedure (either colposcopically directed or by a loop electrical excision procedure). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratio values, and receiver operating characteristic curves for each clinico-pathological variable to detect low-grade and high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions, and any squamous cell abnormality (low-grade + high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions) were evaluated individually. Results Final histopathological results of the patients were normal in 53.2% of cases, low-grade lesions in 32.5% of cases, and high-grade lesions in 14.4% of cases. Swede score was ≥8 (median 7.97) for high-grade lesions and ≥5 (median 5.06) for low-grade lesions. The area under the curve values (95% CI) of Swede scores for low-grade and high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions, and low-grade + high grade lesions were 0.92, 0.98, and 0.96, respectively. A Swede score cut-off value ≥6 had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratios of 92%, 98%, 93%, 98%, and 50 (22.6 to 110.8), respectively, for high-grade lesions at the final pathology (PConclusions The Swede score colposcopic scoring system appears to be a useful tool for evaluating atypical cervical cytology in women with high-risk HPV infection other than HPV types 16 and 18.

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the oxidative damage and inflammatory effects of sepsis on the urogenital system in the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model and ameliorating role of Pregabalin (PGB). Methods Twenty-four female Wistar Albino rats (12 months old) were divided into 3 groups as follows: Sepsis group (Group S) (5 mg/kg LPS, i.p, single dose); Sepsis+ PGB group (Group SP) (5 mg/kg LPS, i.p, single dose and 30 mg/kg PGB); Control group (Group C) (0.1 ml/oral and i.p. saline, single dose), 6 h after LPS administration, the animals were killed. Subsequently, analyses of urogenital tissue oxidant/antioxidant status, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Results Total oxidative status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values in the urogenital tissues were increased in Group S (Total anti-oxidative status (TAS) decreased) compared to the Control group (p < 0.05). PGB improved these values (p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical markers [Caspase-3, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)] were significantly increased in Group S except for bladder (p < 0.001). Statistically significant immunohistochemical positiveness was found only for IL-6 in urinary bladder, though all the others values were negative. With the administration of PGB (Group SP), the expressions of these immunoreactions were markedly decreased (p < 0.001). Conclusions These findings demonstrated that sepsis caused oxidative stress and inflammation in the urogenital tissues. We have revealed that PGB ameliorated tissue damage caused by sepsis.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the harmful effects of sepsis on the urogynecological tissues and the ability of Lacosamide (LCM) on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production, oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways, in the experimental rat sepsis model.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effect of single dose oral azithromycin with twice-daily, 7-day doxycycline in women with chlamydial, mycoplasmic or ureaplasmic cervicitis and to demonstrate the demographic and behavioral profile of infected women. Materials and methods: Five hundred and thirty-three women with various gynecologic complaints were recruited for this study. All women were screened for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) by enzyme immune assay tests. Patients positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae were excluded. Women treated for these infections were tested after completing medical therapy. Educational levels of infected women were similar in each group. The prevalence of CT, UU and MH was 3.4% (18/533), 11.8% (63/533) and 0.9% (5/533), respectively. In 452 patients, no treatment was administered. The remaining patients were either treated with azithromycin (n=41) or doxycycline (n=40). The eradication rate for the infectious agents was 87.3% and 93.5% in the group of azithromycin and doxycycline, respectively (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in efficacy between single dose azithromycin and a 7-day course of doxycycline with respect to the treatment of culture-positive cases. Recurrences were observed in five cases in azithromycin group (12.5%) and in three cases in doxycycline group (7.5%) . Conclusions: The treatment of uncomplicated chlamydial, mycoplasmic and ureaplasmic cervicitis with a single dose of azithromycin administered under supervision in the clinic is as effective as a 7-day course of doxycycline. This regimen may overcome the problem of compliance with the standard twice-daily, 7-day regimen of doxycycline.