Amera Ghareeb Baker

This study evaluates the operational performance of a full-scale membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plant located in Kuala Lumpur using GPS-X 8.0 simulation software. Key performance indicators–including mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), transmembrane pressure (TMP), dissolved oxygen, and effluent total suspended solids (TSS)were monitored over 30 days. The simulations were conducted using the advanced mode and calibrated with actual plant data. Results show that although the plant complies with Malaysian effluent discharge standards, it operates well below its design capacity, with MLSS levels significantly lower than recommended. This operational underload contributes to increased energy consumption and reduced treatment efficiency, particularly in terms of TSS and chemical oxygen demand removal.

Polyaniline (PANI) salt in its pure and doped forms find extensive applications in making devices such as polymer light emitting diodes, photovoltaic, sensors, batteries, and super capacitors. PANI salt has been synthesized successfully through chemically oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2 SO4 ) using ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidizing agent. The absorption spectra of pure PANI salt and its doped state, in HCl and H2 SO4 media, have been studied in the wavelength range from 200 to 1100 nm using ultraviolet and visible near infrared spectrophotometer. Tauc’s formula, Lambert-Beer’s relation, and Fresnel’s formula were employed in the MATLAB program to calculate the optical energy gap, refractive index, and dielectric constant. Results showed that doping with HCl and H2 SO4 acidic mediums caused a reduction in the direct energy gap of the pure PANI from 2.69eV to 2.42 eV and 2.54 eV, respectively. The reduction in optical energy gap is associated with the increase in refractive index. The refractive index (2.92) has a higher value of PANI doped with HCl. Higher refractive index values are for better-structured films.

Topical Powder Mix of Chalcanthite, Alum, and Clove as an Effective Feet Odor Treatment

Plastics production is increased recently due to their various applications such as construction, electronic, packaging and others. The rising in plastics demand lead to developed of recycling and energy recovery method to control plastic wastes. Recycling process is needs to be arranged according to resins, colors and transparency of all plastics. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was developed for the determination of the chemical composition in different plastics materials (with resin identification code) of PETE (1) or PET (01), HDPE (2) or PE-HD (02), V (3) or PVC (03), LDPE (4) or PE-LD, PP (5) or PP (06), PS (6) or PS (06) and Others (7) or O (07). XRF was measured elements such as Si, S, Cl, Fr, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Kr, Zr, Nb, Mo and Nb in both k _α and k _β lines, where PP with high percentage in both PET and PVC plastics, which is highly hazardous. In addition, chemical compositions in percentages were detected for various plastics materials.

Plastics production is increased recently due to their various applications such as construction, electronic, packaging and others. The rising in plastics demand lead to developed of recycling and energy recovery method to control plastic wastes. Recycling process is needs to be arranged according to resins, colors and transparency of all plastics. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was developed for the determination of the chemical composition in different plastics materials (with resin identification code) of PETE (1) or PET (01), HDPE (2) or PE-HD (02), V (3) or PVC (03), LDPE (4) or PE-LD, PP (5) or PP (06), PS (6) or PS (06) and Others (7) or O (07). XRF was measured elements such as Si, S, Cl, Fr, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Kr, Zr, Nb, Mo and Nb in both k_α and k_β lines. In addition, chemical compositions in percentages were detected for various plastics materials.

Polyaniline PANI samples were synthesized via chemical polymerization method. The mechanism of charge transport in these composites has been studies by measuring the DC conductivity at various lithium chloride LiCl wt.%. It shows that their activation energy decreases with increasing LiCl concentration and thus, the conductivity increases at 15 %wt. In addition, X-ray Fluorescence XRF was used to analysis the elements of PANI regarding to LiCl concentration. The elements positively detected by the XRF are Cl, Kr, SO3, Al2O3, SiO2, and ZrO2. The XRF data show a relative systematic error typically independent of the concentration. The accuracy is determined by comparing the XRF data with various LiCl wt.%.

- Polyaniline was prepared in different acidic medium at room temperatuer. The out put of polymerization was characterization by FT-IR. The A.C el...