Peng Wang

This research delves into the passivity-based pinning synchronization problem for switched directed networks (SDNs) within the context of a sampled-data-based event-triggered (SDET) communication environment. An improved state-dependent switching strategy (SDSS) using sampled measurements alongside a novel time-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) approach is constructed. Subsequently, a relaxed passivity analysis framework is then presented, ensuring that the resultant synchronization error system (SES) remains passive, and that the examined SDNs achieve asymptotic synchronization in the absence of external inputs. Unlike conventional strategies, the proposed switching protocol depends exclusively on system states at discrete sampling instants and effectively utilizes historical state data, yielding a less conservative theoretical framework for passivity synthesis in SDNs. Furthermore, the resulting synchronization criterion is independent of the number of network nodes, rendering it suitable for SDNs with large size. Ultimately, two examples involving relevant application in image encryption and decryption are provided to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed scheme, and highlight the distinct advantage of switching behaviors in enhancing encryption confidentiality.

This paper investigates the pinning synchronization problem for switched fuzzy directed networks (SFDNs) within a sampled-data event-triggered (SDET) communication framework incorporating a mixed triggering threshold. An improved state-dependent switching strategy (ISDSS) is proposed, which integrates a novel time-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (TDLKF) with sampled measurements. Building upon this, a relaxed pinning synchronization paradigm based on reachable set theory is developed, ensuring that the synchronization error trajectories, starting from an initial set, are ultimately confined within a closed and bounded set. Also, it is demonstrated that the examined SFDNs achieve synchronization in the absence of external disturbances. In contrast to existing approaches, the proposed switching strategy relies solely on system states at sampling instants and effectively utilizes past state information, thereby yielding a tighter estimate of the reachable set for the synchronization error. Furthermore, the derived synchronization criteria are independent of the number of nodes in the network, rendering the method scalable to large-scale SFDNs. To conclude, the simulation examples validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach, while also demonstrating its practical applications within Chua’s electronic circuit.