Tatyana Aleksandrovna Shiryaeva

The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical review of contemporary foreign scientific publications dedicated to the simplification of English-language legal discourse. The material selected for the review is descriptive and systematic in nature, reflecting various approaches to defining simplification and text transformation strategies. The analysis of foreign publications was conducted within the framework of diachronic and functional approaches. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the periodization of the evolution of legal English, the identification of national characteristics of simplification processes, and the systematization of lexical and grammatical changes in legal English that correspond to the simplification processes occurring in today’s English-language legal discourse. The results of the analysis show that the issue of simplifying legal English is highly relevant to the English-speaking academic community. Despite differing understandings of the prerequisites for the development of simplification, most authors point to its objective nature, which is driven by the historical development of the English language under the influence of a complex set of extralinguistic factors. The problem of simplification is of particular significance in the context of ensuring the clarity and accessibility of legal texts for the general public.

This article is devoted to the complex identification of regulation mechanisms of the emotional tone of popular science and scientific discourses, as well as the study of their communicative effectiveness in the modern information space. The research imperative stems from the critical need for efficacious public dissemination of scientific knowledge, particularly given the accelerated pace of discovery and innovation. The authors posit that neglecting the affective dimension significantly impedes audience engagement, rendering mere informational transmission insufficient. Methodologically, the research integrates contemporary frameworks from cognitive linguistics, corpus linguistics, and automated sentiment analysis (specifically employing the VADER library), enabling an interdisciplinary investigation. A representative corpus of thematically relevant English-language scientific articles and public presentations by science communicators constitutes the primary data. The analysis focuses on identifying linguistic markers responsible for constructing textual effect, examining their pragmatic functions, variability, and resultant impact on audience perception and comprehension. Comparative analysis yields distinct discursive profiles. Popular science discourse demonstrates strategic deployment of affectively charged lexis to secure and maintain broad audience attention. A pivotal mechanism identified is a deliberate “positive shift” strategy, amplifying affirmative connotations to optimize information receptivity. Scientific discourse exhibits constrained affective expressivity, prioritizing objectivity and analytical rigor in presentation. Consequently, the research delineates characteristic affective strategies employed across these communicative modes. It identifies effective adaptation mechanisms facilitating the translation of complex scientific knowledge for public consumption. The findings underscore the paramount importance of strategically modulated affective valence in enhancing the communicative success of popular science endeavors, thereby contributing to improved public understanding of science.

The contemporary era of the information revolution and rapid advances in digital technologies makes the role of professional discourse increasingly significant both in the formation of sociocultural identities and in the segmentation of various institutional communicative interactions. This study attempts a systematic linguosemiotic analysis of metaphors in English professional discourse, aiming at identifying their core semantic features and elucidating the mechanisms of metaphorization in the domain of business communication. The empirical basis of the research is an authentic corpus of 1200 professional metaphors from The Economist. This corpus made it possible not only to identify the conceptual and structural essence of the phenomenon under study but also to develop a classification of the most typical types of metaphors by content and cognitive basis. As a result, the analysis identified four main semantic-cognitive categories and 23 subgroups reflecting the reasons for the emergence of metaphors, their conceptual foundations, and functions in professional speech. The study’s interdisciplinary approach, integrating principles from linguosemiotics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse analysis, adds novelty and comprehensiveness to the research. The findings afford a deeper understanding of the specifics of metaphorical modeling in corporate and professional discourse, demonstrating the potential of metaphors as powerful tools for social construction and managerial impact. The relevance of these results is especially important in the context of global transformations due to growing digital effect when transmitting emotional states, value orientations, and identity constructs through business language. This proves the importance of metaphors in shaping the modern professional space in the era of digitalization.

Modern pediatric endocrinology represents the dawn of a new era in diagnosis and treatment, based on scientific research in molecular genetics and the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic tools. At the Pediatric Clinic of the En docrinology Research Centre (ERC), later the Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology, molecular genetic research began in 1990 in collaboration with the N.P. Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics and the Institute of Immunology. The ERC’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics has been operational since 2001, conducting research in partnership with foreign clinics and institutions.

The article is devoted to identifying and analyzing speech behavior of mayors during a pandemic from the point of view of linguoculturology and intercultural communication. The aim of the article is to study the specifics of speech behavior of representatives of the executive branch in various linguocultures, to identify and systematize the features of mayor speech behavior based on the world’s largest megacities during the pandemic. To achieve the goal we turned to modern studies of political communication, both domestic and foreign, in particular: parliamentary discourse, government officer discourse (presidents, prime ministers), as well as public figure speech in the blogosphere. Studying the language strategies and tactics used by government officers reveals how they persuade people to follow rules and restrictions, explain complex concepts, and manage conflicts and contradictions. This study is focused on the problem of the mayor speech behavior; speeches of the mayors of London, Washington, and Moscow, in particular interviews, their video and text messages on municipal portals, personal pages, other information platforms (YouTube, VK, Telegram, TV news channels) are used as material. The novelty of this study lies in identifying and analyzing specific features of the mayors’ speech, which they recurrently use in their addressing the public. The study shows that the use of various linguistic means of expression by mayors contributes to the harmony between discourse and activation of certain emotions in listeners. Depending on the events in the political arena or city social sphere, mayors change their tone and use certain linguistic means to evoke sympathy or indignation with listeners. Moreover, the authors argue that speech behavior of mayors is, on the one hand, linked with cultural and social factors in their countries, and, on the other, is determined by the personality characteristics of the mayor himself/herself.

To date, language complexity has come to the fore of modern linguistic research, which is related to scientific discussion of similarity / difference in the degree of complexity between various languages. There is general agreement among various linguists that it rests on a great number of parameters, which is the result of the lack of uniform knowledge about this relatively novel linguistic phenomenon. Under any circumstances, though the dichotomy principle underlies several approaches to the definition of complexity, i.e. it can be absolute (objective) and relational (subjective); systemic (paradigmatic) and structural (syntagmatic); the universal three-dimensional nature of language can serve as the guiding principle for the analysis of complexity parameters in any type of discourse. Thus, the paper highlights the lexical, syntactic and pragmatic parameters of English legal discourse (LD) language complexity based on the generally accepted semiotic triad. These elaborations are also complemented by the deployment of the research framework consisting of three models “language-communicator”, “language-language” and “language-discourse” which, though initially designed for different purposes, can as well be successfully applied to the study of language parameters as factors stipulating the language complexity of LD. The given models are illustrated by the relevant examples of legal and juridical nature.

Thyroiditis in children are important issues of pediatric endocrinology due to their widespread occurrence. They differ in etiology, pathogenesis, and their clinical manifestations. Updated clinical guidelines in 2024 are the main working tool of physicians. They briefly and structurally present the main information about epidemiology and modern classification of thyroiditis, methods of diagnosis and treatment based on the principles of evidence-based medicine.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an important issue of pediatric endocrinology. Early detection of this disease and timely initiation of treatment can prevent the development of severe mental retardation. Neonatal screening for CH in Russian Federation has been conducted since 1993. Updated in 2024 clinical guidelines are the main tool of a physicians. They briefly and structurally present main information about congenital hypothyroidism, its epidemiology and modern classification, methods of diagnosis and treatment, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine.