Satya Bagchi

Ensuring the security and privacy of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems is paramount to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches. In addition, addressing the insecurity of public keys in RFID tags and preventing server-side tag distinction requires a multifaceted approach. This article proposes an RFID-enabled protocol, called RISE, $r$ esource-efficient RFID security protocol in $I$ oT with $S$ -box and $e$ lliptic curve cryptography, that integrates substitution box (S-box) and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to enhance the security of RFID communication. The protocol leverages S-boxes to introduce nonlinearity and confusion, thereby thwarting potential attacks such as cryptanalysis and replay attacks. Additionally, ECC is employed for key exchange and authentication, leveraging computational efficiency and strong security properties. Formal proofs and analysis results demonstrate that RISE provides robust security and can effectively resist various types of attacks. RISE presents notable improvements, with an average 51.18% reduction in computational overhead compared to similar protocols. This advancement not only boosts performance but also enhances resource efficiency.

Traffic congestion in urban areas poses a critical challenge for timely emergency deliveries, often delaying medical supplies, rescue equipment, and disaster relief operations. UAV-assisted IoV has emerged as a promising solution, where UAVs provide aerial mobility to bypass congested roads and support real-time traffic monitoring. However, the high mobility of UAVs exposes them to impersonation, replay, man-in-the-middle, and insider attacks, which existing protocols handle inefficiently. To overcome these challenges, we propose RSEV, a lightweight authentication protocol that combines Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) with cryptographic hash functions for strong mutual authentication under low overhead. Our contributions include: (i) formal security proofs, Scyther-based verification, and heuristic analysis confirming resilience; (ii) a Python implementation demonstrating practicality; and (iii) performance gains of 57.25% in computation cost, 34.82% in communication cost, and 48.29% in energy efficiency over existing protocols.