Pedro Felipe Carvalhedo de Bruin

This study evaluated whether chronic aerobic exercise could attenuate behavioral impairments associated with sleep deprivation (SD) in young and aged male mice. Young (3 months) and aged (18 months) Swiss mice were assigned to four groups: control, exercise (EXE), sleep deprivation (SD), and exercise followed by SD (EXE + SD). Animals performed treadmill training for 8 weeks and then underwent 72-hour SD. Behavioral tests assessed working memory (Y-maze), depression-like behavior (tail suspension), and anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze). The results suggest that age influences the effectiveness of exercise in mitigating sleep deprivation-induced behavioral deficits, opening avenues for future studies on the interaction between physical exercise, sleep, and aging.

Sleep deprivation induces profound metabolic disturbances in the brain, while regular physical exercise is recognized for promoting neuroprotection and energy balance. This study investigated the effects of chronic treadmill exercise on the cortical and hippocampal metabolic profiles of sleep-deprived Swiss mice using the entire 1H-NMR spectrum. Male mice (n=48) were assigned to four groups: Control, Exercise (EX), Sleep Deprivation (SD), and Exercise before Sleep Deprivation (EX+SD). The EX group underwent 8 weeks of aerobic training, and SD was induced by 72-h total sleep deprivation. Brain metabolomic analysis revealed that the cortex and hippocampus shared a qualitatively similar metabolic composition, with taurine, creatine, and lactic acid as the most abundant metabolites. Exercise increased cortical levels of lactic acid, creatine, taurine, and other metabolites involved in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and osmoregulation, while SD disrupted energy-related metabolites and increased glial markers such as myo-inositol. The EX+SD group exhibited a cortical metabolic profile similar to controls, indicating that prior exercise preserved neuroenergetic balance in this region. In contrast, hippocampal metabolism remained partially affected by SD, despite exercise preconditioning. These findings suggest that exercise confers region-specific metabolic resilience, especially in the cortex, by modulating pathways related to pyruvate metabolism, glutamate turnover, and astrocytic-neuronal coupling. Regular physical activity may thus act as a non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate SD-induced neurochemical imbalances.

Summary: Effects of sleep on procedural (implicit) memory consolidation in children remain controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence on the influence of sleep on motor skills acquisition in children. Four electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Original studies, published until October 17, 2023, on motor skill acquisition in children aged ≤12 years, in which the intervention group slept after motor skill training, while the control group remained awake, were considered for inclusion. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 tool. The review protocol was pre‐registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO protocol number: CRD42022363868) and all reported items followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Of the 7241 articles initially retrieved, nine met the primary criteria and were included in this review. Of these, six studies reported that daytime or night‐time sleep intervention improved motor skill acquisition, as compared to wakefulness. All studies presented a high risk of bias. In conclusion, the evidence summarised suggests that sleep may enhance motor skills acquisition and could be important for motor development in childhood. However, due to the high risk of bias in the included studies, future randomised controlled trials with high methodological quality are necessary to better clarify this topic.

DEAR EDITORS AND COLLEAGUES, Thank you for your interest and comments on our study. This work evaluates differences in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) regarding the presence of morningness/eveningness or identified chronotypes investigated during pregnancy in a robust cohort of 305 GDM patients. Our results show that GDM women with evening preference are more likely to develop pre-eclampsia (PE), their offspring were more likely to be admitted on neonatal intensive care unit and there was a marginal increased risk [...] DEAR EDITORS AND COLLEAGUES, Thank you for your interest and comments on our study. This work evaluates differences in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) regarding the presence of morningness/eveningness or identified chronotypes investigated during pregnancy in a robust cohort of 305 GDM patients. Our results show that GDM women with evening preference are more likely to develop pre-eclampsia (PE), their offspring were more likely to be admitted on neonatal intensive care unit and there was a marginal increased risk

Background: The clinical picture of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated sepsis is similar to that of sepsis of other aetiologies. The present study aims to analyse the role of syndecan-1 (SDC-1) as a potential predictor of septic shock in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: This is a prospective study of 86 critically ill patients due to COVID-19 infection. Patients were followed until day 28 of hospitalization. Vascular biomarkers, such as vascular cell adhesion protein-1, SDC-1, angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2, were quantified upon admission and associated with the need for vasopressors in the first 7 d of hospitalization. Results: A total of 86 patients with COVID-19 (mean age 60±16 y; 51 men [59%]) were evaluated. Thirty-six (42%) patients died during hospitalization and 50 (58%) survived. The group receiving vasopressors had higher levels of D-dimer (2.46 ng/ml [interquartile range {IQR} 0.6–6.1] vs 1.01 ng/ml [IQR 0.62–2.6], p=0.019) and lactate dehydrogenase (929±382 U/l vs 766±312 U/l, p=0.048). The frequency of deaths during hospitalization was higher in the group that received vasoactive amines in the first 24 h in the intensive care unit (70% vs 30%, p=0.002). SDC-1 levels were independently associated with the need for vasoactive amines, and admission values >269 ng/ml (95% CI 0.524 to 0.758, p=0.024) were able to predict the need for vasopressors during the 7 d following admission. Conclusions: Syndecan-1 levels predict septic shock in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of morning-evening preference in pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 2nd-3rd trimester GDM outpatient care in Fortaleza, Brazil (2018-2020). Eveningness was defined by the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire (MEQ ≤ 41). Furthermore, we obtained a 7-day actigraphic register. Subjective sleep quality, daytime somnolence, insomnia, fatigue and depressive symptoms were also evaluated. Associations with pregnancy outcomes were investigated. Results: Among 305 patients with [...] ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of morning-evening preference in pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 2nd-3rd trimester GDM outpatient care in Fortaleza, Brazil (2018-2020). Eveningness was defined by the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire (MEQ ≤ 41). Furthermore, we obtained a 7-day actigraphic register. Subjective sleep quality, daytime somnolence, insomnia, fatigue and depressive symptoms were also evaluated. Associations with pregnancy outcomes were investigated. Results: Among 305 patients with