Jangwon Seo

A modulus-gradient shear-lag design which hardens substrate and softens perovskite toward an intermediate modulus, reduces stress and cracks in stretchable perovskite solar cells, yielding 22.14% efficiency with 80% retention at 60% strain.

Dip-coating is a simple yet versatile deposition method inherently compatible with complex, non-flat surfaces. Unlike conventional horizontal coatings, its vertical withdrawal configuration demands precise control over viscosity, surface tension, evaporation, and gravity to achieve uniform thin films. However, the performance of dip-coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has remained limited because commonly used volatile-solvent-dominated precursor inks provide inadequate morphological control. Also, conventional dip-coating strategies for rheological control are unsuitable for PSCs, as polymeric binders or high precursor concentrations can impair crystallization and charge transport. Here, by reversing the conventional DMF-dominant formulation, we identify an NMP-dominant DMF:NMP (= 7:93 (vol%/vol%)) solvent system that enables uniform, pinhole-free perovskite films via dip-coating. The resulting devices exhibit power conversion efficiencies exceeding 25%, representing the highest reported performance for dip-coated PSCs. Moreover, the ink enables conformal coating on textured, curved, and three-dimensionally complex surfaces. This work establishes an ink-design strategy for high-performance dip-coated PSCs, opening a practical pathway toward perovskite photovoltaics on nonplanar and structurally diverse substrates.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly advanced owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties such as high absorption, long diffusion length, and high carrier mobility, achieving power conversion efficiencies of up to 27%. The ABX ₃ crystal structure of perovskites and their various possible material combinations provide broad compositional and dimensional tunability, enabling tailored bandgaps, controlled stability, and targeted optoelectronic features. However, the efficiency of conventional trial‐and‐error approaches in discovering new materials is limited by the interplay between the compositional, material, and processing variables, highlighting the need for reproducible synthetic protocols and reliable datasets to support the high‐throughput exploration of material combinations. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including machine learning and large language models, leverage such datasets to provide predictive and generative capabilities for performance forecasting, compositional and process optimization, inverse design of novel materials, and literature knowledge extraction. Furthermore, the combination of an automated protocol setup, fabrication, high‐throughput characterization using AI, and large device‐level datasets has paved the way for building autonomous research platforms. Specifically, automation and robotics are integrated with in situ metrology and algorithmic guidance to reduce the build–measure–learn cycle from weeks to hours, thereby accelerating discovery and stability assessment. This review focuses on three central pillars of data‐driven and AI research: data platforms, AI methodologies, and self‐driving laboratories, which could collectively reshape PSC research into a systematic, autonomous, and scalable framework. By reviewing advances across these domains, we demonstrate how data‐driven strategies can transform PSC development from intuition‐based exploration to accelerated and reliable innovation, paving the way for practical deployment and commercialization. image

Two‐step sequential deposition has gained attention as a scalable and reproducible method for fabricating high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unlike one‐step methods, this approach allows better control over crystallization kinetics and layer‐by‐layer conversion. However, critical issues such as incomplete conversion of PbI ₂ into the perovskites, formation of buried interface defects, poor film uniformity, and residual lattice strain still limit device performance and long‐term stability. To address these challenges, recent research has focused on additive engineering as a versatile and effective solution for two‐step fabricated PSC and has enabled a rapid increase in device performance. This review discusses key additive strategies causing several positive effects to enhance both efficiencies and stabilities of PSCs: (1) inducing porous and disordered PbI ₂ structures to promote the diffusion of organic halide salts and enable complete conversion into the perovskites, (2) controlling facet orientation to improve charge transport and moisture stability, (3) buried interface passivation to eliminate voids and defects of the hidden surface, and (4) strain engineering to relieve strain stress during the formation of the perovskite layer. Taken together, this additive engineering has enabled PSCs fabricated via two‐step deposition to reach power conversion efficiencies exceeding 26%, while also enhancing environmental stability. This review provides a clear look at how specific additive chemistry can control crystal growth, improve interface quality, and control lattice strain, giving straightforward guidelines for designing the next generation of two‐step fabricated PSCs.

We incorporated triphenylsulfonium triflate (TPST), a sulfonium‐based additive consisting of polar triflate and bulky hydrophobic phenyl rings, to the PbI₂ precursor solution for preparation of less‐defect perovskite film via two‐step fabrication. TPST induced localized alterations in the array of the PbI₂ structure due to its large size, thereby forming a more discontinuous and coarser surface with a greater number of pinholes and subsequently facilitating more efficient organic–inorganic reactions. As a result, we achieved the production of thick perovskite films with enlarged granules and decreased PbI₂ residuals in the two‐step fabrication process. Furthermore, TPST facilitated the passivation of bulk film defects by increasing the binding energy with the defects. Consequently, the ITO/SnO₂ np‐based device and the FTO/CBD SnO₂‐based device obtained the best PCEs of 23.88% and 24.30%, respectively. Furthermore, the moisture stability of the perovskite was improved by the hydrophobic character of the TPST additive. image

Perovskite solar cell research has emerged as a focal point of the future energy industry as a result of expanding environmental concerns and significant advancements in solar technology. Perovskite materials offer a variety of advantages as photo-absorbers, including tunable bandgaps, high charge mobility, and process advantages via low-temperature solution processes. Thus, perovskite solar cells have presently attained a power conversion efficiency of 26.1%. However, due to their reliance on light energy, their power output can be inconsistent, making commercialization difficult. To address this issue, integrated devices combining perovskite solar cells with energy storage devices have been devised to provide uninterrupted energy supply and storage without external interference. This review paper provides an overview of the latest trends in the integrated devices and explores their potential application areas. These integrated devices have employed supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries, with different designs using 4 electrodes and 3 electrodes. Furthermore, integrated devices have been designed using flexible substrates instead of glass substrates, making them applicable to various industries. These integrated devices can be utilized as various energy conversion-storage components, such as electric vehicle batteries and wearable devices.