Radoslaw Bartosz Walczak

Background: Previous research has documented generational differences in life satisfaction and work-related attitudes, but less is known about how work and life satisfaction differ within parent–child dyads. This preregistered study examined work satisfaction, life satisfaction, core self-evaluations, personal values, and financial situation among working young adults and their working parents in Poland. Methods: The study used a preregistered, cross-sectional, observational parent–child dyadic design. The final analytic sample consisted of 87 complete dyads, corresponding to 174 individual participants. Parent–child responses were linked using anonymised self-generated codes. Group differences in work satisfaction, life satisfaction, and core self-evaluations were tested using paired Yuen’s trimmed t-tests. Preregistered predictors of work satisfaction and life satisfaction were tested using linear mixed-effects models with dyads as a random intercept. Results: Parents reported higher work satisfaction and higher core self-evaluations than their young-adult children, whereas the expected group difference in life satisfaction was not supported. Core self-evaluations positively predicted work satisfaction, whereas the preregistered financial situation composite and achievement value did not. A supplementary component-level analysis showed heterogeneous associations among the individual financial indicators. Work satisfaction was positively associated with life satisfaction, whereas the preregistered Schwartz values were not significantly associated with life satisfaction. Conclusions: The findings suggest that parent–child differences in satisfaction-related outcomes are more visible in work satisfaction and core self-evaluations than in global life satisfaction. Core self-evaluations emerged as the most consistent psychological predictor of work satisfaction. The value-based hypotheses were not supported, although these null findings warrant caution because several brief PVQ scales had low reliability.

Women are greatly underrepresented in positions of political leadership around the world. In seeking to explain this underrepresentation, some researchers have pointed to people’s tendencies to stereotype leaders as more similar to men than women as these tendencies can support the belief that women are unsuited to leadership. This project aimed to test whether a subtle linguistic intervention was able to ameliorate this gender bias in political leadership stereotypes across different languages and national contexts (country N = 42, sample N = 22,995). Specifically, this project examined whether gender fair language (e.g., the use of paired pronouns ‘he or she’) can reduce the tendency for people to stereotype political leaders as more similar to men than women. To increase the rigor with which these stereotypes were measured, this project complemented the dominant ‘cheap talk’ measure of personal stereotype content with a novel incentivised community measure of this content. As expected, participants stereotyped political leaders as more similar to men than women; this pattern was stronger on the incentivised measure of community stereotypes. Unexpectedly, there was no evidence that paired pronouns reduced this bias (there was weak exploratory evidence that paired nouns increased participants’ tendencies to stereotype political leaders as more similar to women). This project suggests that the ability of gender fair language interventions to ameliorate gender bias in the political leadership domain may be limited.

Political leadership positions are dominated by men. Arguably the most visible of a society’s positions of power, these positions may be important symbols of women’s ability to lead. If so, levels of female political representation within a society should shape its stereotypes of women’s suitability for political leadership. This project will test this possibility by conducting a secondary analysis of a dataset that measured the stereotypes of women, men and political leaders in 44 countries covering six continents (Nsample = 23,256). Specifically, we will test whether, as a country’s representation of women in political leadership increases, there is a greater increase in the congruence of that country’s stereotypes of political leaders and women than in the congruence of that country’s stereotypes of political leaders and men. We will also conduct exploratory analyses to identity whether other socio-ecological and cultural variables correlate with cross-national heterogeneity in the content and congruence of these stereotypes. This project will shed light on the way in which macro-level variables can shape micro-level gendered leadership beliefs.

Objectives: This study investigated the differential impact of work arrangements (on-site, hybrid, remote) on employee well-being. It tested a model where work mode predicts basic psychological needs (Hypothesis [H] 1), these needs predict work satisfaction (H2), and core self-evaluations (CSE)...

Purpose: The aim of the research was to determine the personality and situational predictors of helping behavior towards war refugees from Ukraine in 2022. Patients and Methods: A survey with repeated measurement was conducted, in which 720 people participated in the first date in March 2022 and in the next one in June 2022, n = 127. The study was conducted online, and the respondents were recruited through advertisements on websites and groups helping refugees. In the context of personality factors, five basic personality traits (IPIP-20), the degree of altruism (IPIP Altruism scale) and locus of control (Drwal's Delta Scale), and trait anxiety (STAI) were measured. The main situational factors included the sense of threat of armed conflict (GAD-7), the level of state anxiety (STAI) and the amount of time spent following information about the war in the media. In addition, the level of social distance towards Russians and Ukrainians was measured (Bogardus Scale), and basic birth data were recorded. Results: Based on the above variables, a significant linear regression model was built, explaining more than half of the variance in the phenomenon of continuous helping. The important role of both personality factors - altruism, and situational factors such as state anxiety or social distance towards Russians was demonstrated. Moreover, people with a high level of altruism keep helping the refugees regardless of their level of feeling threatened after the war's outbreak, while people with a lower level of altruism keep on helping only when their sense of threat is high. Conclusion: The level of altruism, perceived situational anxiety and attitude towards the aggressor (in this case Russia) are important factors supporting continuous helping refugees from Ukraine.

Background: Fear of COVID-19 and its related complications can negatively affect well-being and contribute to less effective daily and professional functioning. Based on Maslach’s burnout concept, this study aimed to verify the relationship between risk of contracting and fear of COVID-19, occupational burnout and job satisfaction in Polish teachers during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Participants and procedure: Three hundred fifty-two teachers, aged between 22 and 68, participated in this study. In the studied sample, 252 people worked remotely, 41 in-person and 59 were hybrid workers. The Risk of Contracting COVID-19 Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Brief Job Satisfaction Scale were used.Results: Risk of contracting COVID-19 was positively related to fear of COVID-19 and emotional exhaustion. Moreover, fear of COVID-19 was negatively related to personal accomplishment and positively related to emotional exhaustion. Lastly, all three dimensions of occupational burnout were significantly related to job satisfaction. There was no direct relationship between fear of COVID-19 and job satisfaction. This relation was mediated by two scales of occupational burnout: personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion. All three subscales of occupational burnout were significant predictors of job satisfaction, explaining 53% of its variance.Conclusions: The current study showed a relationship between the risk perception of COVID-19, occupational burnout and job satisfac-tion in Polish teachers during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results obtained in the study may contrib-ute to the understanding of the effects of the pandemic for the professional group of educators.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe, explain, and compare the correlations between workload, job satisfaction, and occupational stress levels in Polish midwives working before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: This study was cross-lagged in nature and...