Danielle Resende Camisasca

Introduction Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are considered potentially malignant oral disorders, presenting with similar clinical and histopathological manifestations that make differential diagnosis difficult and reinforce the need for new techniques for their evaluation. Objective This study aimed to compare the histomorphometric characteristics of OLP and OLL. Methodology This retrospective cross-sectional study was based on 30 histological sections of incisional biopsies of OLP and OLL stained with hematoxylin-eosin for the analysis of morphological parameters, such as keratosis, acanthosis, inflammatory infiltrate band, eosinophilic band, degeneration of the basal layer, involvement of the epithelium-chorion interface, and degree of subepithelial inflammatory infiltrate; and morphometric parameters, such as keratin thickness, distance from the basal layer to the epithelial surface, and thickness of the inflammatory infiltrate band. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables and injury types. The t-test was used to compare morphometric variables between the two types of injury. Results There was no significant association between the type of lesion and the clinical characteristics of the patients (p > 0.05). The degree of dysplasia, used as an inclusion criterion, was associated with lesion type (p = 0.0003). There were no significant differences between the morphometric variables evaluated for the two types of lesions (p > 0.05). Conclusion Based on the methodology used and the sample established for this study, there were clinical and histomorphometric similarities between OLP and OLL. This justifies further discussion on whether these lesions are a spectrum of presentations of the same condition or truly distinct conditions.

Objective: Describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics related to odontogenic cysts and tumors in a population from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Methods: All cases of odontogenic cysts and tumors diagnosed at the Oral Pathological Anatomy Service (SAP) of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) between 2004 and 2022 were selected. The lesions were categorized according to the 2022 WHO classification. The frequency of cysts and tumors was calculated and the following information was collected: age, sex and skin color of the patients, presence of signs and symptoms, and specific lesion data such as radiographic appearance, location, size, association with unerupted teeth, tooth displacement and root resorption, whether the lesion corresponds to a recurrence, and treatment modality. Results: Cysts were more frequent than odontogenic tumors, especially radicular cysts. Ameloblastomas and cemento-ossifying fibroma were the most common odontogenic tumors. Conclusion: This study contributes to a better understanding and differentiation of odontogenic lesions, supporting dentists in the diagnostic process and treatment of these pathologies.

O carcinoma mucoepidermóide (CME) é a neoplasia maligna que mais acomete glândulas salivares, podendo assemelhar-se a lesões reacionais ou vasculares da mucosa oral. Este estudo objetiva apresentar o perfil sócio- demográfico e clinicopatológico de cinco casos de CME de glândulas salivares menores. Realizou-se a coleta de dados, revisão histopatológica e análise descritiva dos casos diagnosticados em um Serviço de Anatomia Patológica Bucal, em 19 anos. Houve 3.313 diagnósticos, sendo 36 neoplasias de glândula salivar, x? 1,9 casos/ano. Entre as neoplasias de glândula, 12 (33,3%) eram malignas e 5 (13,9%) eram CME. Dos 5 casos, 3 eram mulheres e as idades variaram de 37-81 anos. O sítio mais prevalente foi o palato duro, com predominância de tumores de baixo grau. Profissionais de saúde devem atentar-se a lesões em palato duro, para proceder biópsia e análise histopatológica, pois o correto diagnóstico e gradação histopatológica são imprescindíveis para encaminhamento e decisões terapêuticas do CME.

Background Clinicopathological diagnosis and follow-up of oral lichen planus and leukoplakia are necessary due to its potential for malignant transformation and the need to differentiate it from other lichenoid diseases and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. This study aimed to classify and compare sociodemographic and clinicopathological features among oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid lesions and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Methods: A transversal observational study was conducted in which oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus cases were surveyed at the Oral Pathological Anatomy Service and Applied Biotechnology Laboratory. Sociodemographic and clinicopathological data were compared regarding the lesions studied with the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results: After classification, 21 oral lichen planus, 34 oral lichenoid lesions and 12 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia cases were evaluated. Reticular patterns are more characteristic of oral lichen planus and plaque lesions of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Buccal mucosa was the most affected site in oral lichen planus lesions and they were bilateral in all cases. Epithelial dysplasia was present in almost all cases of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Conclusion: Oral lichenoid lesions presented intermediate features when compared to oral lichen planus and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. This may delay proliferative verrucous leukoplakia diagnosis.

Perda Prematura dos Dentes na Infância – um Desafio Diagnóstico

Objective To verify the prevalence of dental anomalies in terms of number, position and shape, and the presence of bone alterations, through analysis of panoramic radiographs. Methods This study evaluated dental anomalies and bone alterations in children aged 6 to 12 years-old, detected on panoramic radiographies recorded in the radiographic database of the Federal University of Espírito Santo between 2012 and 2016. Clinical and demographic information were registered. Dental records were retrieved to obtain the medical history involving syndromes or other diseases that may interfere with the anomalies and alterations. Chi-square and exact Fischer’s statistical tests were performed. Results There were alterations in 83 out of 301 panoramic radiographs analyzed. There were 169 anomalies or alterations (mean of 2,04±1,38 anomalies/patient), involving 201 teeth. The most prevalent anomaly was tooth impaction (26.63%), which affected the canines more frequently, followed by hypodontia (24.26%), more often found in the second premolar, and both affected mostly females. Hyperdontia and radiolucent lesions showed the same prevalence (18.93%), the most affected teeth were those of the anterosuperior region and the first mandibular molars, respectively. The least prevalent anomalies were dilaceration (7.69%), taurodontism (2.37%) and radiopaque lesions (1.18%). Bone alterations were significantly more found in mandible and in the posterior region, which confirms the prevalence in the lower molars. Conclusion Although there was no statistically significant difference regarding sex, there was a high prevalence of anomalies and alterations in our study population, which indicates the importance of its diagnosis by means of a panoramic x-ray examination.