Fabricio Rodrigues

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o possível potencial promotor de Trichoderma harzianum em mudas de Annona squamosa L. e Annona reticulata L. sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, 3 x 5 (tratamentos e doses), com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos relacionados ao Trichoderma spp. foram S1 – controle, sem aplicação da cepa, S2 – IBLF 006 WP (Trichoderma harzianum) aplicado no plantio e S3 – IBLF 006 WP aplicado no plantio e 30 dias após a emergência. As variáveis avaliadas foram índice relativo de clorofila (IRC), clorofila a (CLa) e clorofila b (CLb), altura de planta (ALTP), número de folhas (NFOL), massa fresca da parte aérea (MFPA) e massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA). Na pinha, o Trichoderma aumentou a massa seca da parte aérea em 29,4% (S2) e 16,8% (S3) na ausência de adubação nitrogenada, além de promover maior altura de plantas em baixas doses de nitrogênio (0–25 kg ha-¹). Na condessa, S3 resultou em maiores valores de massa fresca e massa seca da parte aérea, especialmente em doses baixas (0–25 kg ha-¹ N) e altas de nitrogênio (75–100 kg ha-¹ N). A aplicação da cepa IBLF 006 (Trichoderma harzianum) não é recomendada para a produção de mudas de pinha (Annona squamosa L.) e condessa (Annona reticulata L.), seja de forma isolada ou em combinação com diferentes doses de nitrogênio, visto que os benefícios observados foram limitados e inconsistentes. Portanto, nas condições experimentais, a dose de nitrogênio de 100 kg ha⁻¹ proporcionou os melhores resultados e é recomendada para a produção de mudas em viveiro.

Chemical fertilization is essential for increasing yields in various crops, including Sorghum bicolor . Currently, there is increasing interest in sustainable alternatives, such as microbial-based biostimulants. Among the most widely used microorganisms, Trichoderma spp. are well-known plant growth-promoting fungi. The objective of this study was to evaluate biological strategies for reducing fertilizer use in grain sorghum through the application of Trichoderma harzianum combined with varying rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Two experiments were conducted at the State University of Goiás, in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil. The experimental design was a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with five replications. In the nitrogen experiment, stabilized urea (N45) and conventional urea were applied, with or without T. harzianum , at nitrogen rates of 50, 70, 90, 110, and 130 kg N ha ^-1 . In the phosphorus experiment, stabilized phosphorus sources (P35) and single superphosphate were applied at rates of 10, 80, 150, 220, and 290 kg P ₂ O ₅ ha ^-1 . The evaluated variables included plant height, relative chlorophyll content, days to flowering, stem diameter, fresh stem mass, fresh leaf mass, and dry grain mass. The treatment with stabilized urea (N45) combined with T. harzianum (T ₂ ) exhibited higher dry grain mass at the maximum nitrogen rate (130 kg N ha ^-1 ), which was associated with higher photosynthetic activity, greater consistency of stem diameter growth, and increased leaf mass compared to the conventional urea treatment (T ₃ ). In the phosphorus experiment, treatment T ₂ (stabilized phosphorus – P35 combined with T. harzianum ) exhibited the highest dry grain mass at 290 kg P ₂ O ₅ ha ^-1 . In this case, the increase in grain yield was attributed to higher photosynthetic activity, greater plant height and stem diameter, and increased fresh stem and leaf mass, despite fewer days to flowering, compared with T ₃ (single superphosphate).

Using soil cover residues from previous crops through integrated systems has proven effective in driving changes in soil properties with nutrient cycling, promoting higher grain production. However, there is still a need to investigate the changes that different cultivation arrangements of these management systems can influence on soybean productivity. The aim was to compare conventional soybean cultivation methods with integrated systems in a tropical region over 2 years and how these systems affect desiccation efficiency, biomass decomposition, carbon/nitrogen ratio, nutrient cycling, as well as soybean productivity. An experimental area, under a block design with three replications, with conventional soybean cultivation system with soybean cultivated over crop residues produced by a previous integration of maize, three cultivars of Panicum maximum (Tamani, Quenia, and Zuri guinea grasses), and pigeon pea, arranged in monoculture and triple intercropping, it was implemented in Latossolo Vermelho Acriférrico typical, Goiás, Brazil. The results indicated that Tamani and Quenia guinea grasses, along with pigeon pea, exhibited higher desiccation efficiency in both monoculture and intercropping. The previous integration of maize with Panicum cultivars and pigeon pea increased soil coverage and maximized nutrient cycling, resulting in increasing productivity gains by approximately 39.8% compared to soybean cultivation without biomass covering the soil. These results highlight the importance of considering nutrient cycling and decomposition rates in fertilization strategies to increase the sustainability of systems. Therefore, integrated systems, which combine grasses and legumes, represent a promising and efficient strategy for agricultural production systems.

O milho doce (Zea mays L. subsp. saccharata) é uma espécie olerícola muito consumida no Brasil e de alto valor agregado, basicamente destinada ao consumo humano e a indústria de enlatados, devido ao seu excelente e adocicado sabor. Entretanto, para que se alcance potenciais produtivos elevados, existe a necessidade de uma adubação adequada e, claro, sustentável. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a influência das diferentes doses de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio na qualidade e produtividade do milho doce e indicar a dose recomendada de cada um desses macronutrientes. O híbrido utilizado foi o Tropical Plus, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, em três experimentos distintos, um para cada nutriente, nitrogênio (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 e 200 kg ha-1 de N), fósforo (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e potássio (0, 23, 46, 69, 92 e 115 kg ha-1 de K2O). As variáveis analisadas foram diâmetro de espiga (DIAME), comprimento de espiga (COMPE), dano médio (DANO), produtividade de espiga empalhada (PEE), produtividade de espigas comerciais (PEC) e refugo (RFG). Conclui-se que a dose recomenda para a produção de milho doce (Zea mays subsp. saccharata) foram 160 kg ha-1 de N (nitrogênio), 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5 (fósforo) e 85 kg ha-1 K2O (potássio), para se alcançar produtividades mais elevadas, sem perder qualidade e sem excesso de fertilizantes químicos ao ambiente, com o intuito de se obter maior rentabilidade para o produtor.

O açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) é uma planta nativa da região Amazônica, possuindo diversos usos e de grande relevância socioeconômica. Concomitantemente, à expansão comercial do açaí, há um aumento na demanda por mudas de alta qualidade e por tecnologias que proporcionem melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da inoculação de Trichoderma spp. e de um adubo organomineral, no desempenho vegetativo de mudas de açaí. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual do Goiás, Campus Ipameri, em casa de vegetação. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com duas épocas de aplicação e cinco tratamentos, sendo controle, três cepas de Trichoderma spp. e o organomineral. As características avaliadas foram altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, comprimento foliar, diâmetro foliar, massa fresca da parte aérea e massa seca da parte aérea. Conclui-se que a aplicação de Trichoderma spp. ou do adubo organomineral não promoveram incrementos significativos no crescimento e desenvolvimento das mudas de açaí.

Studies on physiological responses to stimuli from physical factors are essential for understanding the dynamics of the microorganisms and higly important for the management of plant diseases. Besides, the development of an epidemiological model for pathogen populations requires studying their physiological responses to physical stimuli. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination dynamics of spores from six isolates of Bipolaris bicolor under effects of light at 25 °C. Suspensions of 1.6 × 10⁵ conidia mL^− 1 from the B. bicolor isolates were inoculated onto Petri dishes containing agar-water culture medium and incubated in a BOD chamber under two physical conditions: (a) constant darkness and (b) constant light for five hours. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 6 × 2 factorial arrangement (six B. bicolor isolates and two physical conditions) and five replications. The length of the germ tube was measured hourly. The constant darkness resulted in higher mean germ tube growth for the pathogen; however, differences in the final germination percentage were found among the isolates. The isolate F-24-02 exhibited the highest germination adaptability to constant darkness, presenting the longest germ tube length.

A mancha de alternaria é um dos principais problemas fitossanitários da cultura do tomateiro, sendo constatada em condições de alta umidade e temperatura, que propiciam bom desenvolvimento do patógeno. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura no crescimento micelial e produção de conídios de Alternaria alternata do tomateiro. Após isolamento e identificação, quatro isolados do fungo (J-05-01, J-05-02, J-05-03 e J-05-04) foram cultivados em meio Batata Dextrose Ágar (BDA) nas temperaturas de 10ºC, 15ºC, 20ºC, 25ºC, 30ºC e 35ºC e, ausência de luz. Aos 10 dias após a inoculação (DAI), foram avaliados a área ocupado por micélio e a esporulação, calculados a área abaixo da curva de crescimento micelial (AACCM) e o índice de velocidade de crescimento micelial (IVCM). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco repetições para cada isolado de A. alternata. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, regressão e ao teste Scott-Knott (P≤0,05). Os diferentes regimes de temperatura interferiram significativamente no crescimento micelial e esporulação dos isolados. As temperaturas de 23°C e 21-22°C proporcionam o maior crescimento micelial e esporulação do patógeno, respectivamente. O isolado J-05-01 apresentou maiores áreas de colonização micelial a 25°C.

Radishes are excellent sources of nutrients, such as antioxidants that benefit the immune system, dietary fibers that aid digestion, and vitamins that help control blood pressure and cardiovascular health. Despite this nutritional composition and rapid vegetative cycle, radishes still need to be consumed more and are understudied in Brazil. Another challenge is the limited knowledge about fungi of the Trichoderma spp. genus and their combination with fertilizers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L. under nitrogen doses combined with applying Trichoderma spp. isolates and their promoting effect on radish development. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (isolates and doses), with seven replications, conducted in a greenhouse. The Trichoderma treatments were T1 – control without isolates application, T2 – ESALQ 1306, T3 – IBLF 006 WP, and T4 – URM 5911, and the nitrogen doses were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg ha-1 of urea. The use of Trichoderma spp. demonstrates a positive effect on radish development, offering possibilities for promotion with an emphasis on lower doses of nitrogen. The ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum), at a dose of approximately 113 kg ha-1 of urea, a promotion was of 11% tuberous root diameter, 6% for the tuber root length, 50% for the leaf dry mass, 35% for the tuberous roots fresh mass, and 63% for the tuberous roots dry mass). The T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP and T. asperellum URM 5911 isolates are not recommended, as they presented an antagonistic effect.

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Raphanus sativus L. under six phosphorus doses in combination with three strains of Trichoderma spp. The design was a randomized block design with seven replications in a factorial scheme, 4 x 5 (treatments and doses). Treatments related to Trichoderma spp. were T1 – control, without application of T. harzianum strain; T2 – T. harzianum ESALQ 1306, T3 – T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP, and T4 – T. asperellum URM 5911, at doses of 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5, in a greenhouse. The evaluated characteristics were tuberous root diameter (RDI), tuberous root length (RLE), relative chlorophyll index (RCI), leaf dry mass (LDM), tuberous root fresh mass (FTRM), and tuberous root dry mass (TRDM). It was observed that there was a significant difference for the different sources of variation evaluated, indicating an interaction between the different isolates and doses. It is concluded that the application of Trichoderma harzianum - ESALQ 1306 strain is recommended for radish cultivation, with increases of 13% for tuberous root length, 7% for relative chlorophyll index, 23% for leaf dry mass, 35% for tuberous root fresh mass, and 12% for tuberous root dry mass compared to the control, at a dose of 104 kg ha-1 of P2O5, with the possibility of dose reduction and more sustainable management. Additionally, strains T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP (T3) and T. asperellum URM 5911 (T4) are not recommended for radish cultivation.

This study evaluated the initial development of paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) seedlings under different nitrogen rates with the application of Trichoderma spp., using a randomized complete block design in a 4x5 factorial scheme (strains and rates) with seven replications. The evaluated traits were plant height, stem diameter, leaf and stem fresh weights, leaf and stem dry weights, and aerial part dry and fresh weights. Trichoderma spp. strains did not satisfactorily promote paricá seedlings (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) under high nitrogen rates. However, the Trichoderma harzianum IBLF 006 WP strain was efficient only under low nitrogen availability.