Kentaro Saji

We give explicit real-analytic functions whose zero sets characterize the images of the standard maps of wave-front singularities. Such functions are realizations of the main-analytic sets in the sense of Ishikawa-Koike-Shiota (1984). More concretely, a subset of Euclidean space is called a global main-analytic set if it can be described, up to a set of smaller Hausdorff dimension, as part of the zero set of a single real-analytic function, referred to as its main-analytic function. In this paper, we propose a general framework for constructing main-analytic functions by a method based on explicit resultant computations. In particular, we provide explicit formulas for the main-analytic functions associated with the standard maps of wave-front singularities of types A, D and E.

We give simple criteria for the singularities appearing on surfaces codimension less than or equal to two. As applications, we give conditions for codimension two singularities that appear in ruled surfaces and center maps of surfaces in the Euclidean space.

We investigate helicoidal (screw) surfaces generated not only by regular curves but also by curves with singular points. For curves with singular points, it is useful to use frontals in the Euclidean plane. The helicoidal surface of a frontal can naturally be considered as a generalised framed base surface. Moreover, we show that it is also a framed base surface under a mild condition. We give basic invariants and curvatures for helicoidal surfaces of frontals by using the curvatures of Legendre curves. Moreover, we also give criteria for singularities of helicoidal surfaces.

We consider a function from the Euclidean three space whose zero set is the image of the standard cuspidal edge. The composition of a parametrized singular surface in the three space with this function provides an approximation of the surface by the standard cuspidal edge. Taking a look at singularities of this composition, we study various approximations of singular surfaces like the cross cap, the generalized cuspidal edge and the swallowtail by standard cuspidal edges.