Rongji Xu

A longstanding concern in plant essential oil extraction is how to optimize extraction efficiency with limited materials. Supercritical CO₂ extraction has been proven effective in enhancing the yield and efficiency of extracting plant essential oils. However, the impact of temperature, pressure, and co-solvent content on extracting Hetian rose essential oil remains unclear. There is a lack of research on the influence of pretreatment methods. This study focuses on investigating supercritical CO₂ extraction of rose essential oils from Xinjiang Hetian. The research analyzes the effects of pressure and temperature on the extraction rate and validates the efficiency by calculating the solubility of essential oils in supercritical fluid. Under conditions of 35 MPa, 40 °C, 10 L/h, and a particle size of 0.8 mm, this study evaluates the extraction efficiency using Xinjiang Hetian rose materials pretreated with salt solutions at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%, as well as enzyme solutions at concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 10%. Results indicate that appropriate solution concentration can enhance the extraction effect and mass transfer process, but excessively low or high concentrations do not contribute to improved extraction reactions. The highest extraction rate (8.99%) is achieved using a salt solution concentration of 10%, while the lowest (4.21%) is obtained with a salt solution concentration of 20%.

The mechanism of the treatment of psoriasis-like mice with the Chinese herbal compound YinXie No.1 prepared by nano-suspension technology was investigated based on Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAKs/STATs) pathway. The high-pressure homogenization technology was used in the preparation of the YinXie No.1 nano-suspensions. Then, 50 Kunming mice were equally classified into the negative control group (NC), the psoriasis model group (PsM) prepared with 5% imiquimod cream on the back, the Tripterygium glycosides-gavage group (TrG), the YinXie No.1-gavage group (YX1), and the YinXie No.1 nano suspension group (Nano-YX1). The pathological changes and the differential expressions of STAT3 and STAT5 were compared in each group after the treatment. The results showed that the particle size of nano-suspension powder was smaller and had strong stability compared with the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Compared with the NC group, psoriasis-like lesions were observed in the PsM group. Compared with the PsM group, the conditions of the erythema on skin lesions, the mRNA expression of STAT3 and STAT5, and protein expression of p-STAT3 and p-STAT5 in the TrG group, YX1 group, and Nano-YX1 group were notably decreased (PP

A large amount of heat is accumulated in rails during the repeated conditions, which degrades the sliding electrical contact performance. It can shorten the life of pulsed high current linear driver. Therefore, it is necessary to cooling the rails during launching. In this paper, a 3D rail model with cooling pipes was established for numerical simulation and a cooling experiment platform was constructed, which was for the research of rail cooling. The thermocouple was adopted to measure the rail temperature, and the influence of flow rate, flow mode and coolant of the cooling effect was investigated. The simulation and experimental results showed that with the increasing of flow rate, the cooling effect was improved, but it was not linear. The cooling effect of mode 2 flowing from the middle pipes to the shoulder pipes was best among the three flow modes. The average temperature difference of mode 2 was 5.67 K lower than mode 1 flowing from the tail to the muzzle. Water and ethylene glycol had little difference in cooling effect. Thus, in the design of thermal management system of pulsed high current linear driver, it is not necessary to increase the flow rate of coolant persistently, but more attention should be paid to the influence of flow mode. Furthermore, the selection of coolant should be combined with specific experiment conditions.