José Lino Oliveira Bueno

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the presence of relative age effect (RAE) in a worldwide basketball sample, considering gender, age (youth and adult), FIBA World ranking position, and FIBA region. Methods: Date of birth data was extracted from the FIBA official open-access website and was grouped according to the month of birth and stratified into quarters such as January to March (Q1), April to June (Q2), July to September (Q3), and October to December (Q4). Chi-square tests were used to identify possible discrepancies in the frequency of births among trimesters, and the odds ratio was calculated between the number of birthdates in Q1 vs. Q4. Results: The sample consisted of 8664 athletes (3889 female and 4775 male), representing 140 countries, from U14 to adult categories. RAE was present in all analysis factors, except for Oceania players. The most prominent discrepancies were shown by male teams, U14 and U15 teams, FIBA world top-ranking teams, and FIBA Americas teams. In the adult category, although still present, RAE showed a trend to be reversed. Conclusions: There was an overrepresentation of early-born athletes, regardless of the factor of analysis, although the causes for RAE remain unclear.

O estudo analisou a relação entre otimismo, ancoragem, excesso de confiança, representatividade, realismo, comunalidade e tempo, com a acurácia na previsão de lucro de analistas. Foram consideradas empresas brasileiras de capital aberto em 2019, aplicando teste de correlação, diferença de média e regressão múltipla. Os resultados indicaram que a acurácia é influenciada negativamente pelo otimismo e positivamente pela ancoragem e comunalidade. Ademais, a incerteza presente na distância entre a previsão emitida e a divulgação do lucro por ação também implica negativamente na acurácia dos analistas. Adicionalmente, constatou-se que o valor justo, lucratividade, emissão de ADRs e setor auto regulamentado, são aspectos relacionados com maior acurácia. Desse modo, a pesquisa contribui com a literatura para reflexão quanto à necessidade de concatenar aspectos comportamentais e temporais aos financeiros, bem como para sinalizar a importância de que os modelos de previsão dos analistas considerem os aspectos comportamentais em suas tecnologias de informação.

Myopic Loss Aversion (MLA) is one of the study objects of behavioral economics. It corresponds to the fact that participants, when facing choice situations, cannot rationally evaluate the risks and profits of available options, leading them to choose investments more likely to occur but less profitable. This behavior shows that they cannot evaluate the options satisfactorily, so they have sub-optimal decisions. There may be conditions for MLA more favorable for it to occur, as the frequency one shows the participant the outcomes of their choices (feedback) and the probability of winning or losing. In this way, this study aims to evaluate how feedback influences participants' choices and the influence and interaction of the winning and losing probability. This study had the participation of 80 people, ages 18 to 30 years, all university students, 29 women and 51 men, without either relation to business degree courses or familiarity with the research area on economic behavior. The experiment consisted in making nine repeated choices in a lottery game. Participants started the experiment with R$1000 (a thousand) fictitious reais (Brazilian currency); each lottery game had a cost of 150 reais, and the profits returned this invested value with an addition of more 150 reais. The results indicate that the presence of feedback induces participants to bet more. However, the winning and losing probability do not influence the invested amount, and there was no interaction between these two factors. La Aversión Miope a la Pérdida (AMP) es uno de los objetos de estudio de la economía del comportamiento. Corresponde al hecho de que los participantes, frente a situaciones de elección, no pueden evaluar racionalmente los riesgos y beneficios de las opciones disponibles, llevándolos a elegir inversiones con mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia pero menos rentables. Este comportamiento muestra que no pueden evaluar las opciones satisfactoriamente, por lo que toman decisiones subóptimas. Puede haber condiciones para que AMP ocurra más favorablemente, ya que la frecuencia muestra al participante los resultados de sus elecciones (retroalimentación) y la probabilidad de ganar o perder. De esta manera, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar cómo la retroalimentación influye en las elecciones de los participantes y la influencia e interacción de la probabilidad de ganar y perder. Este estudio contó con la participación de 80 personas, con edades entre 18 y 30 años, todos estudiantes universitarios, 29 mujeres y 51 hombres, sin vinculación a carreras de negocios ni familiaridad con el área de investigación sobre comportamiento económico. El experimento consistió en hacer nueve elecciones repetidas en un juego de lotería. Los participantes iniciaron el experimento con R$1000 (mil) reais ficticios (moneda brasileña); cada juego de lotería tenía un costo de R$150, y las ganancias devolvían este valor invertido con una adición de más R$150. Los resultados indican que la presencia de feedback induce a los participantes a apostar más. Sin embargo, la probabilidad de ganar y perder no influye en el monto invertido y no hubo interacción entre estos dos factores.

Anais do Behavioral Science Lab (978-65-5941-245-7) - Cheating Modulated By Time Pressure In The Matrix Task

Anais do Behavioral Science Lab (978-65-5941-245-7) - Análise Da Importância De Aspectos Financeiros, Temporal E De Vieses Comportamentais Na Previsão De Lucro Por Analistas Financeiros

Ayahuasca is described as a hallucinogenic substance whose property is to alter the subjective experience of time and impair the perception of the passage of time during stimuli of more than two to three seconds. The dose-dependent effects of two concentrations of ayahuasca in the ritualistic context were investigated employing temporal reproduction tasks in participants experienced in shamanistic ayahuasca rituals. The study was conducted on nine healthy volunteers who ingested two doses of ayahuasca at two times during a ritual session. The doses of each session, consumed in amounts ranging from 20 to 60 mL, were either of low concentration or of experimental ayahuasca according to a double-blind procedure. Participants performed the task of immediately listening and reproducing, with a laptop, 20-s musical stimuli during the session. The results showed that significant temporal distortion was triggered by the musical stimulus presented without the ingestion of ayahuasca, with means of 16.33 to 16.52 s. There were minor temporal distortions after ingestion of ayahuasca: a mean of 17.91 s for control ayahuasca and of 18.38 s for experimental ayahuasca. These results with less temporal distortion among participants with ayahuasca intake disagree with other studies of hallucinogens involving temporal reproduction.

An influential framework in the field of aesthetic experience and aesthetic judgment was developed by ^{Berlyne (1958}, ¹⁹⁶³, ¹⁹⁷⁴) in his motivational model of New Experimental Aesthetic, which emphasizes the aesthetic effects of isolated features or dimensions of stimuli. The model posits that the traceable information is based on semantic (characteristics of an external object), expressive (psychological processes within the artist), cultural (social norms), and syntactic (characteristics of other elements of the object) information. Although there is some overlap between the four types of information, they mostly emit independent information. This occurs due to competition among them for the limited capacity of the channel linking them with the work. For example, more information content from one will generally mean less content from the others. Thus, collative properties - defined by ^{Berlyne (1974)} as structural properties, such as variations along simplicity-complexity, familiarity-novelty, certainty-uncertainty - present in the stimulus may produce hedonic value and changes of arousal. ^{Berlyne, Ogilvie and Parham (1968)} carried out a study in which the participants were asked to rate the complexity, pleasingness and interestingness levels of a series of cards. The results showed that judged complexity was a major determinant of judged interestingness and judged pleasingness.