Boris Miha Kaučič

Aim. The aim of this study was to explore resilience among LGBTQ+ older adults and to analyse its implications for nursing practice and for the organisation of integrated health and social care. Material and methods. A qualitative study design was applied. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 LGBTQ+ older adults aged 50 years and over, recruited using the method of snowball sampling. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and underwent qualitative content analysis supported by NVivo software. Results. The overarching category, navigating ageing and care in the context of lifelong minority stress, illustrates resilience as a dynamic process shaped by discrimination and healthcare experiences. While resilience supported autonomy, it could also conceal unmet needs. The organisational climate, professional competence and structural conditions influenced disclosure and access to services, revealing gaps in education and integrated care that may perpetuate structural invisibility. Conclusions. The mental resilience among LGBTQ+ older adults should be understood not only as an individual psychological resource, but also as a phenomenon shaped by organisational and societal contexts. Nursing practice and integrated care systems must include culturally competent education, inclusive procedures and coordinated service delivery to support equitable ageing and reduce the cumulative effects of minority stress.

Background: Evidence-based practice is an internationally accepted healthcare standard grounded in research utilisation. Validated instruments allow evaluation of nursing education against European Union competence requirements. Aim: To assess the psychometric properties of the Competence in Research Utilisation (CompRU) instrument among graduating nursing students using data from three European countries. Methods: Data were collected from graduating nursing students ( n = 648) in Finland, Poland and Slovenia between 2012 and 2017. The CompRU instrument comprises a knowledge test and self-reported scales assessing skills and attitudes. Psychometric properties were assessed using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, item-to-total correlation, Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Internal consistency reliability was acceptable in all sections, despite two categories in the Knowledge section showing lower consistency. Rasch analysis supported the internal scale validity of the Knowledge section in terms of item infit and item separation. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure (Skills and Attitudes sections) and strength of the hypothetical model. Conclusion: The CompRU instrument is a promising tool for measuring nursing students’ research utilisation competence at graduation. Based on both classical and modern test theory approaches, the instrument demonstrates evidence of acceptable psychometric properties, although some items in the Knowledge section could benefit from future revisions.

Aim. The purpose of the study was to determine whether diff erences in mental health exist among younger and older generations of LGBTQ+ older adults. Material and methods. A quantitative approach was taken. The questionnaire was completed by 318 LGBTQ+ older adults (50+) from Slovenia who met the inclusion criteria and were selected using a non-random purposive sample. For statistical analysis, we used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the two independent groups. Results. We received 318 fully completed questionnaires in the survey. EFA extracted one factor. The results demonstrate statistically signifi cant diff erences in mental health between younger and older generations of LGBTQ+ older adults for two items: I often experience stress and I have become more resilient due to facing many inequalities in society. The younger generation of LGBTQ+ older adults is more likely to report experiencing stress, but at the same time expresses a sense of resilience. Conclusions. Despite the stress, LGBTQ+ older adults – especially the younger generation – have developed resilience to overcome challenges and improve mental health. Addressing the specifi c needs of LGBTQ+ older adults and improving their mental health requires elimination of prejudice and discrimination, and taking into account the complexity of their identities and experiences.

Aim. Life satisfaction is an important driver of life and an important factor in the personal stability of a person. With the research, we wanted to find which of the holistic factors is most related to life satisfaction in old age. Material and methods. The research is based on the quantitative method of research, the method of description, compilation and causal non-experimental method. We used the survey technique. A total number of 656 older adults between the age of 65 and 98 participated in the survey. We obtained the data using various standardised measuring instruments. In order to determine the strength of the connection between holistic factors and life satisfaction in older adults, we used advanced statistical methods for the analysis of causal effects and conditional associations (propensity score methods). Results. We found that the most important factor for life satisfaction in older adults is the spiritual factor (R²=0.37) and the self-esteem index (R²=0.488) within it. The spiritual factor is followed by a psychological factor (R²=0.21), social factor (R²=0.19) and finally the physical factor (R²=0.05). Conclusions. Spirituality directs the lives of older adults and helps them to overcome various life problems. Since spirituality is a multidimensional concept, this research is an important starting point for further research in this field.

Aim. The purpose of the research was to fi nd out what obstacles impede the provision of a quality of life in the home environment. Material and methods. A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental method of empirical research was used. The measurement instrument employed was a questionnaire that was completed by 110 older adults who live at home and need help with daily life activities. A non-random, convenience sample was used. The obtained data were analysed with descriptive statistics, using normal distribution and non-parametric tests. Results. The assessment of quality of life is statistically diff erent depending on income (p = 0.001) and independent performance of daily life activities (p = 0.001). There is a statistically signifi cant association between the factors infl uencing the refusal of help by informal caregivers and family status (p = 0.032). Conclusions. Research shows that the quality of life of older adults depends on the level of income and independent performance of daily life activities. For them, the feeling of burdening others is an obstacle to a quality stay in their home environment. In further research, it would be sensible to cover the issue of integrated long-term care and include providers and users of this type of assistance.

Neizvedena zdravstvena nega je koncept, ki obsega zavedno ali nezavedno popolno opustitev izvedbe določenih aktivnosti zdravstvene nege, časovno preložitev izvedbe ali le delno izvedbo določene aktivnosti. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, katere so najpogostejše aktivnosti zdravstvene nege, ki jih medicinske sestre in tehniki zdravstvene nege v zdravstvenih in socialnovarstvenih zavodih ne izvedejo, ter kateri so najpogostejši vzroki za to. Presečna raziskava je temeljila na kvantitativnem raziskovalnem pristopu. Za zbiranje podatkov smo uporabili vprašalnik »The MISSCARE Survey«, podatke pa smo zbrali s spletno anketo 1KA. Anketo je v celoti izpolnilo 180 izvajalcev zdravstvene nege, ki imajo v povprečju več kot 10 let delovnih izkušenj. Ugotovili smo, da medicinske sestre najpogosteje ne izvedejo dokumentiranja vseh zahtevanih podatkov (M = 1,86, SD = 1,21), prav tako ne tudi tehniki zdravstvene nege (M = 1,69, SD = 1,29). Sodelujoči v raziskavi so kot najpomembnejši vzrok za neizvedeno zdravstveno nego navedli neustrezno število kadra (M = 1,59, SD = 0,96). Neizvedena zdravstvena nega lahko negativno vpliva na izide pacientovega zdravljenja, lahko povzroči neželene dogodke in zaplete.

Introduction. As the global population is ageing and life expectancy is gradually increasing, we wanted to use a literature review to study what determines the life satisfaction of older people in rural areas. In doing so, we focused on age-friendly communities that enable older people to live as actively and independently as possible and allow quality ageing. Methods. The integrative literature review method in accordance with PRISMA guidelines was used. The selection of articles in English was made according to the following inclusion criteria: scientificity, content relevance and topicality. The literature search covered the bibliographic-catalogue databases Web of Science and PubMed, from 2010 to 2020. After selection, a qualitative content analysis was applied to the data. Results. From the initial twenty-one articles, we gained an insight into the life satisfaction of the elderly in rural areas through a substantive analysis of nine scientific articles. Two content categories were identified: social cohesion of the elderly and age-friendly environment. Discussion and conclusion. Social cohesion and an age-friendly environment are important for ensuring the life satisfaction of elderly people in rural areas. Based on a review of the literature, we found out that literature focusing on ageing in urban areas predominates. In the future, it will be necessary to study the factors that affect the life satisfaction in geographical locations that are similar in size and cultural and social characteristics.

The aim of the study is the analysis of educational needs of European intensive care nurses (ICNs) with regard to multicultural care. A mixed-method multinational study was performed among 591 ICNs coming from 15 European countries. An online survey was utilised with three research tools: participants’ sociodemographic details, Healthcare Provider Cultural Competence Instrument, and a tool to assess the educational needs of ICU nurses with respect to multicultural care. The highest mean values in self-assessment of preparation of ICU nurses to provide multicultural nursing care and their educational needs in this regard were detected in the case of nurses coming from Southern Europe (M = 4.09; SD = 0.43). With higher age, nurses recorded higher educational needs in the scope of multicultural care (r = 0.138; p = 0.001). In addition, speaking other languages significantly correlated with higher educational needs related to care of patients coming from different cultures (Z = −4.346; p < 0.001) as well as previous education on multicultural nursing care (Z = −2.530; p = 0.011). Experiences of difficult situations when caring for culturally diverse patients in ICU were classified into categories: ‘treatment procedures and general nursing care’, ‘family visiting’, ‘gender issues’, ‘communication challenges’, and ‘consequences of difficult experiences’. The educational needs of intensive care nurses in caring for culturally diverse patients are closely related to experiencing difficult situations when working with such patients and their families.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity, healthy diet and avoiding risk factors are essential for a healthy lifestyle of older adults and for their life satisfaction. AIM: The aim of the research was to determine the connection between lifestyle and life satisfaction of older adults in relation to the living environment (home environment, institutional environment). METHODS: The research was based on a non-experimental quantitative research approach. We used the Oldwellactive standardised questionnaire to obtain lifestyle data and the SWLS scale to determine life satisfaction. The study included 656 older adults with an average age of 78.2 years who lived in a domestic (n = 380) and institutional environment (276). RESULTS: Older adults living in the home environment rate their lifestyle higher (AV = 2.38, SD = 0.77) than those in the institutional environment (AV = 2.31, SD = 0.88), the difference is not statistically significant p = 0.304). Eating habits with regard to the location of residence showed statistically significant differences in the consumption of meat, fish and fish products and milk and dairy products (p <0.001). In the institutional environment, older adults are more likely to perform balance-enhancing exercises, while they consume more alcohol in the home environment. By assessing conditional associations, we establish a positive association between life satisfaction and lifestyle (estimated value = 21,600, p = 0,000). Older adults living in the institutional environment are more satisfied with life (v= 23,097) than those living in the home environment (N= 21.774). CONCLUSION: The satisfaction of older adults with their life increases if an individual’s lifestyle improves. Older adults living in the institutional environment are more satisfied with life than those living in the home environment. In the future, it will be necessary to pay more attention to the study of living in a home environment, in accordance with the strategy of long-term care for the older adults.