Jong Pil Park

Zearalenone (ZEN), frequently contaminates cereal-based foods worldwide, necessitating reliable analytical methods for food safety. Image created with the assistance of Google Gemini.

Sclerostin (SOST) is a key negative regulator of bone formation and an emerging biomarker associated not only with osteoporosis but also with chronic kidney disease. Despite its growing clinical relevance, biosensing platforms for SOST remain limited, with most existing approaches relying on antibody‐ or aptamer‐based assays that often suffer from high cost, limited stability, and reduced performance in complex biological samples. Here, we report a peptide‐based electrochemical biosensing platform enabled by a multifunctional zwitterionic biopolymeric nanohydrogel, composed of chitosan, carboxybetaine methacrylate, and gold nanoparticles (CS–ZI–AuNPs). This nanohydrogel acts as a unified antifouling biointerface, simultaneously providing resistance to nonspecific adsorption, stable peptide receptor immobilization, and efficient electrochemical signal transduction. The resulting biosensor achieves picomolar sensitivity with a detection limit of approximately 26.4 pg/mL, enabling accurate quantification of SOST across clinically relevant concentration ranges. Importantly, the platform demonstrates statistically significant discrimination between healthy individuals and patients with osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and chronic kidney disease (stages 1 and 3) using real clinical samples. By integrating zwitterionic antifouling chemistry with peptide‐driven molecular recognition in a conductive nanostructured matrix, this work establishes a generalizable design principle for electrochemical biosensors targeting protein biomarkers. The proposed strategy offers a robust and scalable alternative to conventional immunoassays, with broad implications for translational diagnostics and real‐time disease monitoring.

High‐entropy doping is now a powerful strategy to optimize the electrochemical properties of nanostructured materials for advanced energy storage. Here, a binder‐free 2D high‐entropy doped NiCoZnCrFe layered double hydroxide intercalated with molybdate anions (NCZCFM) is reported, and synthesized via electrodeposition. The cross‐linked porous nanosheet network of NCZCFM provides abundant active sites, tunable composition, improved conductivity, enlarged interlayer spacing, rapid ion kinetics, and robust structural stability. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the synergistic effects of multimetal doping and anion intercalation tailor the electronic structure, increase the density of active sites, and reduce the band gap. These features enable the NCZCFM thin‐film electrode to deliver a specific capacity of 1410 C g ⁻¹ at 3 A g ⁻¹ with excellent cycling stability (93% retention after 10 000 cycles). When assembled into aqueous and flexible solid‐state hybrid supercapacitors, NCZCFM delivers high energy densities of 74.5 and 67.1 Wh kg ⁻¹ , respectively, along with strong rate capability and durability. These results show that high‐entropy doping combined with intercalative hybridization is an effective design principle for next‐generation high‐energy‐density cathode materials for hybrid supercapacitors.