Muhammed Mustafa Aldur

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Dr. Hristo Stambolski’nin Miftâh-ı Teşrîh (1874) adlı eserindeki kafa iskeleti bütünü levhalarını; eserin temel kaynağı Joseph-Nicolas Masse’nin Petit Atlas’ı (1846) ile karşılaştırmayı ve anatomik terminoloji ile topografik uyumlarını güncel standartlar doğrultusunda değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, Miftâh-ı Teşrîh’teki üç kafa iskeleti projeksiyonunda yer alan toplam 32 anatomik işaretleme incelenmiştir. Osmanlıca ve Fransızca terimler transkribe edilerek Terminologia Anatomica 2 (TA2) ile eşleştirilmiş; çizimler Masse’nin özgün litografileriyle karşılaştırılmış ve anatomik yapıların topografik uyumları Netter (2023) ve Sobotta (2023) atlasları kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Stambolski’nin çizimlerinin Masse’nin özgün litografileriyle yüksek düzeyde örtüştüğü saptanmıştır. İncelenen 32 anatomik işaretlemenin büyük bölümünün TA2 ve modern atlaslarla topografik açıdan uyumlu olduğu, terminolojik açıdan büyük ölçüde uyum gösterdiği ve sınırlı bir bulgunun ise derin anatomik yapıların iki boyutlu anatomik gösterim kısıtlılığıyla ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Miftâh-ı Teşrîh, Batı kaynaklı anatomik bilgi ve görsellerin Osmanlı tıp diline aktarılmasını ve bu bilgilerin yerel tıp terminolojisiyle bütünleştirilmesini gösteren önemli bir tarihsel anatomi kaynağı niteliğindedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Hristo Stambolski, Miftâh-ı Teşrîh, Anatomi Tarihi, Kafa İskeleti Bütünü, Osmanlı Tıbbı, Tıp Terminolojisi.

Hristo Tanev Stambolski (1843–1932) was a Bulgarian physician and statesman of profound historical impact. Within the history of Ottoman medical education, he holds a place of distinction as the fi...

Medikal illüstrasyon, görsel anlatımda etkili bir biçimlendirme dili olarak kullanılan bir alandır. Anlatımın anlaşılırlığını arttırmada tercih edilen bir uygulama olarak, cerrahi işlemlerin süreçlerini anlatmada, paylaşmada ya da sunmada etkili olurken, eğitsel yönden tıp hekimliğinde kullanılan bir görsel materyal olarak da değerlendirilebilir. Öyle ki; anlaşılması zor görüntülerin işlenmesinde ya da göze hoş gelmeyen operasyonların yalınlaştırılarak aktarılmasında etkili bir yoldur. Bu makale kapsamında bilimsel illüstrasyonun bir alt çalışma alanı olan medikal illüstrasyonun cerrahi işlemlerin görselleştirilmesinde kullanılması değerlendirilmekte, alan uzmanları tarafından anlaşılması ve aktarılması aşamasında görsel anlatım dilinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden genel tarama modeli ile doküman analizi yapılarak örnek değerlendirmeleri yapılmakta, görselleştirilen işlemlerin değerlendirilmesi sanatsal ve bilimsel yönden incelenmektedir. Cerrahi işlemi görselleştirme sürecine ilişkin akış diyagramı önerisi geliştirilmekte, etkili tasarım ve üretim sürecine ilişkin akış planı önerilmektedir. Birçok sözcük yerine çoklu anlatımın, kullanılan tek bir görselle tanımlanması, görsel biçimlendirmelerin önemini vurgular. Cerrahi işlemlerin süreçlerini ve sonucunu yansıtmada kullanılan medikal görselleştirme de bu açıdan ayrışmaktadır.

The purpose of our study is to compare basilar artery diameters (BAD) measured by T2WI to diameters measured by TOF MR angiography (MRA). By doing this, we hope to understand how compatible these two methodologies are with each other.

As far as our literature searches showed us, morphological characteristics of cranium such as sutures, sutural bones and fontanelles had been examined in the skulls in the museums and dry specimens until now. As a modern method, three-dimensional virtual reconstruction of cranial bones by using multidetector computed tomography-computed tomography angiography (MDCT-CTA) can display in vivo morphological characteristics. In our study, we aimed to determine the presence and incidence of these morphological characteristics that can be clinically significant in our population, by using radiologic methods. We examined head and neck regions of 185 patients via MDCT-CTA. We evaluated radiologically detectable variations of the metopic sutures, lambda, bregma, asterion and pterion, which can be very easily confused with fractures. Additionally, the differences between the genders and incidence of coexistence of these variations were evaluated. According to our study, the incidence of persistent metopic suture was 8.1% and the incidence of lambda variations was 5.9%. Variations were most commonly encountered on the left asterion, and least commonly on the bregma and left pterion. In the evaluation of the coexistence of the parameters and combinations, the Wormian bones located at the right and left asterions were detected. There were no statistically significant differences between genders. Variations of the sutures and sutural bones can be easily misdiagnosed with the fractures of related bony regions in unconscious patients with multiple traumas. During surgical interventions in these patients, surgeons must take this fact into consideration in order to make differential diagnosis of fractures and intersutural bone variations.

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is emerging as a minimally invasive and maximally effective procedure for pituitary adenomas. In this report we analyzed the complications in 624 procedures of endonasal transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery in the treatment of 570 patients with pituitary adenomas. The leading author (MB) operated pituitary adenomas via pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery between January 2006 and August 2011 at the Hacettepe University, Department of Neurosurgery in Ankara. Complications were assessed in 624 surgical procedures under five groups; rhinological, CSF leaks, infection, vascular and endocrinologic complications. We observed a total of 76 complications (12.1%). Rhinological complications occurred in 8 patients (1.3%): 4 epistaxis (0.6%) and 4 hyposmia (0.6%). Postoperative CSF leaks occurred in 8 patients (1.3%), and infectious complications occurred in 8 patients: 3 cases of sphenoidal sinusitis (0.4%), 5 cases of meningitis (0.8%). Only 1 case of internal carotid aneurysm rupture during the opening of sellar floor (0.16%) was observed. Endocrinologic complications occurred in 51 (8.1%) patients: Anterior pituitary deficiency in 12 (1.9%), transient diabetes insipidus (DI) in 29 (4.6%), permanent DI in 3 (0.4%) and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome occurred in 7 (1.1%). There was no mortality directly related to the surgical procedure. The complication rates observed in our study suggests that the endoscopic pituitary surgery is at least as safe as microscopic transphenoidal surgery. These rates were obtained with due experience and well-coordinated teamwork. To further improve these rates, new technological developments will be helpful.

The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any relationship between hippocampal volume, and glucocorticoid regulation, and cognitive dysfunctions in drug-naïve major depressive disorder (MDD) patients during their first episode. Twenty drug-free female MDD patients in their first episode and 15 healthy females as control subjects were included in the study. All subjects underwent 3.0 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), comprehensive neuropsychological testing and dexamethasone suppression tests (DST). The volumes of the right and left hippocampus of the patients were found to be significantly smaller than those of the controls. Patients were found to have significantly lower scores on measures of attention, working memory, psychomotor speed, executive functions, and visual and verbal memory fields. The performance of the patients only in the recollection memory and memory of reward-associated rules were positively correlated with hippocampal volumes. The volumes of the left and right hippocampus did not correlate with basal or post-dexamethasone cortisol levels. Our findings indicate that depressed patients have smaller hippocampi even in the earlier phase of their illness. Further research efforts are needed to explain the mechanisms that are responsible for the small hippocampus in depressed patients.

Griscelli syndrome is a rare disease characterized by pigment dilution, partial albinism, variable cellular immunodeficiency, and an acute phase of uncontrolled T-lymphocyte, and macrophage activation. Griscelli et al described this syndrome in 1978. Since then, only in approximately 60 cases have been reported, most from the Turkish, and Mediterranean population. In microscopic examination, silvery gray hair with large, clumped melanosomes on the hair shaft is the diagnostic finding. Here, we present scanning electron microscopic study of hair in 2 cases of Griscelli syndrome, where the hair showed normal cuticular pattern but nodular structures were present as an abnormal findings.

In this study, the myelinated axons of parts of the corpus callosums of young and old rats were examined under the electron microscope and a grading system was performed for quantiating the ultrastructural pathological changes of these axons. Except the old splenium group, the only ultrastructural pathological change, observed in the myelinated axons was the separation in myelin configuration. In addition to this finding, in the old splenium group, in some of the myelinated axons, an interruption was observed in the myelin configuration. Additionally, these ultrastructural pathological findings were present in the larger sized myelinated axons of the corpus callosum.